WEBVTT Kind: captions; language: en-us NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 82% (H?Y) 00:00:02.300 --> 00:00:10.700 yes hello again so this is now the third video instalment of the globalization lecture in SOSANT1000 00:00:10.700 --> 00:00:20.500 so now we will be moving over to the issue of waste and work which you will see is quite 00:00:20.500 --> 00:00:28.000 connected to the last segment that you've just heard on the issue of offshoring of production of you 00:00:28.000 --> 00:00:32.650 know the movement of capital across borders and at the same time NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 89% (H?Y) 00:00:32.650 --> 00:00:39.900 how much of a struggle this turns out to be for workers themselves who are trying to organize to 00:00:39.900 --> 00:00:47.600 improve their chances in life and to improve their working conditions of course now what I'm going 00:00:47.600 --> 00:00:54.150 to do in this particular segment with you now is basically continue where I just left off which is 00:00:54.150 --> 00:01:00.349 in the Philippines again in Subic Bay because I have NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 84% (H?Y) 00:01:00.349 --> 00:01:06.800 together with the kind of work I've just presented to you around the shipyard here where I spoken 00:01:06.800 --> 00:01:16.850 mostly to workers trade-union activists NGOs whatnot I have also done a little bit of extra work on 00:01:16.850 --> 00:01:25.150 the landfill that is also located in the same region so you see here a picture of a city 00:01:25.150 --> 00:01:30.400 which is basically the urban area that is right next to the cubic NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:01:30.400 --> 00:01:40.900 Bay and which was more or less feeder Community for the workforce employed at the shipyard so 00:01:40.900 --> 00:01:50.200 basically a lot of people in this 2 to 300,000 people City would initially get jobs at the shipyard 00:01:50.200 --> 00:01:57.500 but after let's say a first hiring way for so a lot of people were also again let go were made 00:01:57.500 --> 00:02:00.250 redundant or also and decided to quit their NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 78% (H?Y) 00:02:00.250 --> 00:02:06.000 Jobs themselves because they found the work at the shipyard to be sort of too strenuous involving too 00:02:06.000 --> 00:02:14.900 much dirty and dangerous work for not enough pay and an alternative for people who came to look to 00:02:14.900 --> 00:02:23.100 for work in this particular region here of Subic Bay often turned out to be the to become waste 00:02:23.100 --> 00:02:30.450 Pickers so to basically engage with making a living through handling waste NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 79% (H?Y) 00:02:30.450 --> 00:02:37.000 sorting through garbage and picking out the stuff out of the garbage day is still worth 00:02:37.000 --> 00:02:43.450 something that is still worth money still has value for other buyers who didn't you know basically 00:02:43.450 --> 00:02:51.800 take this waste of the hands of these waste pickers or scavengers as they were sort of slightly derogatory 00:02:51.800 --> 00:02:58.600 known in this particular region of Subic Bay so you can see here again we've got 00:02:58.600 --> 00:03:00.300 the shipyard on the left side NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 77% (H?Y) 00:03:00.300 --> 00:03:07.100 which I've have just introduced to you in the earlier clip and here where it says Subic Bay this is 00:03:07.100 --> 00:03:14.600 basically the special economic zone or the Freeport Zone as it is actually called of Subic Bay which 00:03:14.600 --> 00:03:22.000 basically means this is a special area that is designated especially for foreign direct investors 00:03:22.000 --> 00:03:30.000 who come to this particular part of the Philippines to conduct their business with the help of the 00:03:30.000 --> 00:03:30.350 cheap NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 83% (H?Y) 00:03:30.350 --> 00:03:37.000 Labor that is available and they get also tax relief they get cheap energy so there's all kinds 00:03:37.000 --> 00:03:43.100 of benefits to come to the Subic Bay Area and basically become what is known as foreign direct 00:03:43.100 --> 00:03:50.900 investor and Hanjin the shipbuilder was for a long time the largest foreign direct investor not 00:03:50.900 --> 00:03:57.400 just in the Subic Bay Area but actually in the entire Philippines and of course this kind of you 00:03:57.400 --> 00:04:00.100 know economic activity NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 88% (H?Y) 00:04:00.100 --> 00:04:06.400 that of course is directly tied in with what we're discussing here today which is globalization this 00:04:06.400 --> 00:04:11.900 kind of activity attracts a lot of people you know there's a lot of people who come to Subic on a 00:04:11.900 --> 00:04:20.100 day-to-day basis but basically looking for jobs looking for employment at any of these facilities 00:04:20.100 --> 00:04:26.400 that are within this Freeport Zone that you can see here under Subic Bay NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 87% (H?Y) 00:04:26.400 --> 00:04:33.400 and often turned out that they didn't have the right qualifications to actually get employment 00:04:33.400 --> 00:04:39.900 because a standard requirement was usually to have a high school diploma or even upwards from that 00:04:39.900 --> 00:04:46.500 in terms of certificates and so people would look for alternatives to make a living and again this 00:04:46.500 --> 00:04:55.400 brings us to the waste area which is marked here is New Cumberland so it's at the top of Olongapo 00:04:55.400 --> 00:04:56.200 City NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 89% (H?Y) 00:04:56.200 --> 00:05:04.300 in the mountainous regions here that you also see in the picture on the left side and I will 00:05:04.300 --> 00:05:13.700 introduce you to the landfill of Olongapo in a moment my ex-partner and I we made 00:05:13.700 --> 00:05:20.700 a video together while we were conducting research in Olongapo basically visited the landfill and 00:05:20.700 --> 00:05:26.100 spoke to one of the association's there and the leader of the NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 85% (H?Y) 00:05:26.100 --> 00:05:34.600 Association you will get to know in a moment yeah just one more picture one more NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:05:34.700 --> 00:05:40.300 information concerning sort of the background of what we're talking about here so the history of 00:05:40.300 --> 00:05:46.900 this particular special economic zone or Freeport Zone as it's also called I think I briefly 00:05:46.900 --> 00:05:53.000 mentioned that in the video earlier is basically this used to be a military installation a US 00:05:53.000 --> 00:06:01.900 naval installation in fact so the Americans held this particular area of the Philippines for 00:06:01.900 --> 00:06:05.549 quite a few decades and basically it was NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 77% (H?Y) 00:06:05.549 --> 00:06:11.850 among other things so if the launching pad for a lot of activity of the kind when it came to 00:06:11.850 --> 00:06:22.300 the war efforts around the Vietnam War times and also you know he also functioned at that time and 00:06:22.300 --> 00:06:32.000 then later on until into the late 80s and early 90s as what is known rest and Recreation Hub so 00:06:32.000 --> 00:06:35.350 basically the area especially Olongapo NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 81% (H?Y) 00:06:35.350 --> 00:06:42.400 City that I've just shown you earlier in the picture Olongapo city became sort of famous or 00:06:42.400 --> 00:06:53.400 perhaps more accurately Infamous as a red-light District that was very much catering to the young 00:06:53.400 --> 00:07:01.900 Sailors American Sailors that were coming to this particular area of the Philippines so until the 00:07:01.900 --> 00:07:05.350 1990s when the Americans finally departed NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 85% (H?Y) 00:07:05.350 --> 00:07:13.700 from the Philippines and handed this land back to the Filipino government one way to make a 00:07:13.700 --> 00:07:20.600 living in this area was very much sex work prostitution and the other was you know catering to all 00:07:20.600 --> 00:07:27.600 kinds of informal rest and recreation needs of sailors so there was a lot drug 00:07:27.600 --> 00:07:33.800 smuggling there was of course a big entertainment industry that wasn't necessarily only about sex 00:07:33.800 --> 00:07:35.350 work so a lot of people NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 78% (H?Y) 00:07:35.350 --> 00:07:46.600 people came to Olongapo to work in this informal sector and the people in the waste fill that you 00:07:46.600 --> 00:07:54.500 will get to know the moment they were basically often already working in this area during the 00:07:54.500 --> 00:08:01.800 military times so the woman who leads the association that you will hear speaking in a moment she 00:08:01.800 --> 00:08:05.400 basically learned most of her English during that NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 82% (H?Y) 00:08:05.400 --> 00:08:13.400 period when she was also engaging directly or indirectly with US Sailors in the vicinity of Subic 00:08:13.400 --> 00:08:21.800 Bay who were you know non fixture in the streets of the city and so myself of course I was as I told 00:08:21.800 --> 00:08:28.800 you I was in this particular region not necessarily to look at landfills or the waste areas of the 00:08:28.800 --> 00:08:34.600 city dump sites but my interest really was in the shipyard and it took me quite a while to get 00:08:34.600 --> 00:08:35.299 interested NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 89% (H?Y) 00:08:35.299 --> 00:08:43.000 in the waste area and basically the one moment that sort of first brought home the importance of it 00:08:43.000 --> 00:08:51.900 to me was when a few weeks after our arrival the area that we stayed in was flooded by particularly 00:08:51.900 --> 00:08:57.200 heavy sort of monsoon rain so you can see here on the left side this will sort of Yeah a hundred 00:08:57.200 --> 00:09:01.500 meters away from where we were staying and this happened within a week of us arriving there that 00:09:01.500 --> 00:09:05.349 basically the entire area of Olongapo flooded which NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:09:05.349 --> 00:09:13.000 led to a outbreak of leptospirosis I will talk in the next video also about disease and 00:09:13.000 --> 00:09:18.500 pandemics and whatnot so you'll hear more about the health aspects and how they relate to 00:09:18.500 --> 00:09:26.300 globalization but just to park this here so leptospirosis is a disease that is basically transmitted 00:09:26.300 --> 00:09:33.500 by rats for the most part and so especially dangerous is the kind of water situation that you see 00:09:33.500 --> 00:09:35.300 here on the left where NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 89% (H?Y) 00:09:35.300 --> 00:09:42.400 you know you have a flooding and sort of the yeah the red poop basically is washed into the water 00:09:42.400 --> 00:09:49.200 and then humans can come into contact with it and get very very sick so at the time we were there 11 00:09:49.200 --> 00:09:54.700 people ended up dying in the larger region that we were staying in after this particular 00:09:54.700 --> 00:10:01.300 flooding occurred because they have been sort of making their way through the wastewater to get to 00:10:01.300 --> 00:10:05.350 you know get supplies get help whatnot and NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:10:05.350 --> 00:10:13.100 so this became very quickly a headline in the local news and you can see here in this newspaper 00:10:13.100 --> 00:10:21.750 article that the main culprit here immediately underneath the article underneath them you know the 00:10:21.750 --> 00:10:28.800 statistics telling us that 11 people had died and up to 500 were hospitalized we'd see here that 00:10:28.800 --> 00:10:35.099 really the blame was put on the dump site on the landfill NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:10:35.099 --> 00:10:43.850 and so basically that was the first time I even encountered you know narratives around this wastefill 00:10:43.850 --> 00:10:52.000 or dump site as particularly dangerous for the local population as a place that you know brings a 00:10:52.000 --> 00:11:05.300 lot of unsightly and unwanted side effects to the city so and then eventually the group of Labor activists NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 83% (H?Y) 00:11:05.300 --> 00:11:12.800 you will see them in the video as well the group of Labor activists introduced me to the 00:11:12.800 --> 00:11:20.300 shipyard and the Trade union activities around the shipyard more importantly they also decided after 00:11:20.300 --> 00:11:25.600 a few months that they wanted to take me to the landfill so that I would get a feeling for also in 00:11:25.600 --> 00:11:32.900 our what different ways of making a living do exist in this particular region of Subic Bay other than 00:11:32.900 --> 00:11:35.500 of course the shipyard I was interested in NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:11:35.500 --> 00:11:42.000 so I'm just going to show you a few minutes of this video now and then I will explain a few things 00:11:42.000 --> 00:11:47.900 afterwards still and then we move on to the other article you were supposed to read today which sort 00:11:47.900 --> 00:11:54.200 of course figures as an interesting comparison to what I'm describing here for you so let's have 00:11:54.200 --> 00:11:55.800 a look NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 77% (H?Y) 00:12:43.200 --> 00:12:57.650 00:12:57.650 --> 00:12:59.400 NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 87% (H?Y) 00:12:59.900 --> 00:13:19.300 00:13:19.300 --> 00:13:27.000 00:13:27.000 --> 00:13:29.500 NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 74% (MEDIUM) 00:13:29.500 --> 00:13:46.300 NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 81% (H?Y) 00:14:31.300 --> 00:14:34.500 NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 88% (H?Y) 00:14:37.600 --> 00:14:45.600 right I'll stop this here. As you can see this goes on for a bit longer but basically just to wrap up 00:14:45.600 --> 00:14:51.900 what she was discussing here this you might not be used to sort of Filipino inflected English so 00:14:51.900 --> 00:14:58.900 basically she's talking first about Hanjin because obviously I had a list of questions for 00:14:58.900 --> 00:15:03.100 them about their relationship with Hanjin and what they thought of Hanjin and what they thought of 00:15:03.100 --> 00:15:07.550 the Korean company basically that had just become the number one NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 90% (H?Y) 00:15:07.550 --> 00:15:16.200 foreign direct investor in the Philippines over those years that they were operating in the area and 00:15:16.200 --> 00:15:22.600 She gets very agitated and sort of angry about how Hanjin was not 00:15:22.600 --> 00:15:29.100 providing anything to poor people in the area so first of all jobs were completely out of question 00:15:29.100 --> 00:15:36.200 as I said earlier you have to have certain certificates certain level of education to prove in order 00:15:36.200 --> 00:15:37.550 to even be able to get NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 89% (H?Y) 00:15:37.550 --> 00:15:46.800 get a job as a welder or any sort of menial job even at the shipyard so she was saying that 00:15:46.800 --> 00:15:52.400 you know Hanjin of course could have shared goods with them through sort of medical missions and 00:15:52.400 --> 00:15:59.700 whatnot but none of that actually happened and she also makes a claim that Hanjin 00:15:59.700 --> 00:16:07.600 could have also been donating some of the scrap metal that they are using at the shipyard or NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 69% (MEDIUM) 00:16:07.600 --> 00:16:14.950 leftovers of the of the iron and whatnot that they're using at the shipyard but of course that 00:16:14.950 --> 00:16:21.700 particular waste has a lot of value so there would be some local politicians coming in first and 00:16:21.700 --> 00:16:29.900 sort of getting first dibs on those particular leftovers left for that you know of the waste that 00:16:29.900 --> 00:16:37.400 comes out of shipbuilding and so she then goes on to speak about globalisation briefly and says that NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 89% (H?Y) 00:16:37.400 --> 00:16:42.700 in the Philippines globalisation that means foreigners you know and especially for Subic Bay that is 00:16:42.700 --> 00:16:51.000 very much you know the case the experience of people like her was always that people who have 00:16:51.000 --> 00:16:58.400 wealth are either foreigners or the Filipinos were extremely closely related to foreigners via 00:16:58.400 --> 00:17:04.200 business relations but also via kinship relations of course you know there's quite a few Filipinos 00:17:04.200 --> 00:17:07.599 who ended up marrying US Navy personnel while they were staying NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 79% (H?Y) 00:17:07.599 --> 00:17:12.099 here and then you know there was a lot of back-and-forth migration also between the 00:17:12.099 --> 00:17:18.099 Philippines and the United States as a consequence so again she stresses here over and over again 00:17:18.099 --> 00:17:24.400 globalization means yeah there's these foreigners that come and they extract things from us and at 00:17:24.400 --> 00:17:31.500 the end of the day their their particular kind of people and not the staying in poverty and then she 00:17:31.500 --> 00:17:37.500 finally also talks a bit about what she thinks is the most needed for NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 77% (H?Y) 00:17:37.500 --> 00:17:42.300 their particular work which is basically safety boots so she keeps saying if Hanjin could just 00:17:42.300 --> 00:17:48.400 provide them with safety boots that would already be a huge help and then she asks one of her 00:17:48.400 --> 00:17:54.100 friends to go fetch a pair of socks so she could show to me what they did instead of wearing safety 00:17:54.100 --> 00:17:59.300 boots. So you don't really see this here but she's basically wearing flip-flops and then over the 00:17:59.300 --> 00:18:06.200 flip-flops she pulls off a pair of socks over it and says and then we just pretend we have boots on 00:18:06.200 --> 00:18:07.449 but of course they don't NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 90% (H?Y) 00:18:07.449 --> 00:18:13.900 and so the biggest challenge of the kind of work of walking around in the landfill that you've seen 00:18:13.900 --> 00:18:20.500 earlier is if you don't have proper shoes you could get stung by a needle for instance you could 00:18:20.500 --> 00:18:26.000 step on glass shards you can get all kinds of nasty infections if you cut yourself badly because you 00:18:26.000 --> 00:18:31.400 never know what you're stepping on so basically those were some of the concerns that she's raising 00:18:31.400 --> 00:18:37.350 here with me and yeah so the video goes on to she discusses more of their NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 81% (H?Y) 00:18:37.350 --> 00:18:43.800 needs and concerns around work and how their working conditions could be improved and then ends up 00:18:43.800 --> 00:18:49.100 offering her services to the Norwegian government at the end of this video basically saying out why 00:18:49.100 --> 00:18:56.600 don't I come with you and then sort out your waste problems in Norway for you. I'll return to the 00:18:56.600 --> 00:19:03.000 question of Norway and waste and the connections to other places in the world not necessarily the 00:19:03.000 --> 00:19:07.300 Philippines but specifically Africa at the end of this lecture NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 90% (H?Y) 00:19:07.300 --> 00:19:16.200 just to say that these issues might sound all very far away from you personally but of course as was 00:19:16.200 --> 00:19:21.800 sort of the message over and over again throughout this lecture today global issues concern all of 00:19:21.800 --> 00:19:29.600 us and what happens in the Philippines what happens in Africa or whatnot around waste handling it at 00:19:29.600 --> 00:19:35.800 the end of the day it affects all of us because we do live in an interconnected world today so let 00:19:35.800 --> 00:19:36.900 me move on NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 82% (H?Y) 00:19:36.900 --> 00:19:47.500 to start the video again let me move on to the article by Kathleen Miller that we were also supposed 00:19:47.500 --> 00:19:57.500 to have a look at today so basically the article called the precarious present gives another 00:19:57.500 --> 00:20:05.900 perspective on garbage dumps on landfills so Kathleen Miller she worked at Brazilian landfill as 00:20:05.900 --> 00:20:07.450 part of her field work NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 88% (H?Y) 00:20:07.450 --> 00:20:16.000 or sort of drifted in and out of the out of the dump site to talk to and work with the people who 00:20:16.000 --> 00:20:23.100 make a living there and so it's quite similar you know sort of to the kind of work you've just seen 00:20:23.100 --> 00:20:33.600 here in the Philippines and I am trying to draw out a few similarities and also distinctions when it 00:20:33.600 --> 00:20:37.450 comes to carefully Miller's main argument here which NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:20:37.450 --> 00:20:46.150 is really around the issue again of precarity so if you remember from the video lecture I've just 00:20:46.150 --> 00:20:56.400 recorded earlier around the working conditions in the shipbuilding industry and sort of the 00:20:56.400 --> 00:21:03.800 arguments that I present in the paper that you were supposed to read working woman suicide so I also 00:21:03.800 --> 00:21:07.699 put forward an argument around precarity that is NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 73% (MEDIUM) 00:21:07.699 --> 00:21:15.200 somewhat related to Kathleen Miller's but not quite the same and I think the difference that in our 00:21:15.200 --> 00:21:23.550 understandings in our slightly diverging understandings of precarity really comes down to sort of 00:21:23.550 --> 00:21:30.900 ethnographic context so you know of course anthropologists like to theorists like any other social 00:21:30.900 --> 00:21:37.600 scientists but we do theorize at the end of the day on the basis of the field NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 84% (H?Y) 00:21:37.600 --> 00:21:43.800 Work we've done so a lot of the insights that we have around similar issues might bring up slightly 00:21:43.800 --> 00:21:50.100 different nuances slightly different directions because you know she has worked in Brazil and I've 00:21:50.100 --> 00:21:57.100 worked in the Philippines and in South Korea and different notions of what work looks like what good 00:21:57.100 --> 00:22:04.100 work looks like what bad work looks like a really at play here that then feed into also the way 00:22:04.100 --> 00:22:07.650 that Kathleen Miller talks about precarity as a concept NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 83% (H?Y) 00:22:07.650 --> 00:22:16.150 or that I talked about precarity as a concept so basically let's just go to this particular quote here 00:22:16.150 --> 00:22:21.900 that I took out of the text so I can explain this a bit more in detail so she argues here that 00:22:21.900 --> 00:22:28.700 conceived as a condition of post fordist capitalism the concept of precarity has emerged as a way 00:22:28.700 --> 00:22:37.650 to capture both the fragile conditions of neoliberal Labor as well as states of anxiety NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 85% (H?Y) 00:22:37.650 --> 00:22:45.500 desperation on belonging and risk experienced by a temporary and irregularly employed workers now 00:22:45.500 --> 00:22:51.300 I'd say so far so good this is very much also what you would have gotten out of reading my article 00:22:51.300 --> 00:22:58.700 on the same topic and then she says in recent years the term has circulated primarily among social 00:22:58.700 --> 00:23:06.650 movement activists in post-industrial societies of Europe North America and Japan places where 00:23:06.650 --> 00:23:07.550 fordism was NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 85% (H?Y) 00:23:07.550 --> 00:23:13.700 strongest in the 20th century and which therefore have been most affected by it's unraveling so what 00:23:13.700 --> 00:23:22.200 She is saying is basically that this idea of precarity within the labor movement is very much related 00:23:22.200 --> 00:23:31.600 to the fact that jobs have gotten worse in Europe in the US in Japan so basically there's a sort 00:23:31.600 --> 00:23:37.150 of a decline of working conditions and then as a reaction social movement people started talking 00:23:37.150 --> 00:23:37.700 about NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 83% (H?Y) 00:23:37.700 --> 00:23:45.600 precarity as a political term around which people can you know rally. Then she says in many 00:23:45.600 --> 00:23:52.000 countries in the global South however so in contrast precarious work has arguably always been a part 00:23:52.000 --> 00:23:58.400 of the experience of laboring poor and I think that's sort of where maybe I have a slight 00:23:58.400 --> 00:24:04.000 disagreement with Kathleen Miller because I do think that from my own findings in the Philippines 00:24:04.000 --> 00:24:07.600 what I could see is that people might not necessarily use NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 85% (H?Y) 00:24:07.600 --> 00:24:15.300 The term precarity but they do have their own local vocabulary to talk about the experience that working 00:24:15.300 --> 00:24:21.000 conditions are getting worse and that is definitely something that people talk about a lot in the 00:24:21.000 --> 00:24:26.000 Philippines that they feel maybe 10 years ago things were actually better but things are moving in 00:24:26.000 --> 00:24:34.000 the wrong direction and I think we shouldn't necessarily just you know discard that as you know yeah 00:24:34.000 --> 00:24:37.449 some people think you know things are getting worse and that's that and NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 89% (H?Y) 00:24:37.449 --> 00:24:46.000 so I do think there's also you know maybe the notion of precarity has some sort of usefulness also 00:24:46.000 --> 00:24:53.400 in the global South is my point whereas she and many others like her have actually argued that 00:24:53.400 --> 00:25:00.550 maybe precarity is an interestinging term but it doesn't actually really indicate change social change 00:25:00.550 --> 00:25:06.050 also in the way that you know you've heard about while reading Thomas Hylland Eriksens chapter on 00:25:06.050 --> 00:25:07.650 social change in NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:25:07.650 --> 00:25:16.200 the book that you're also supposed to read so this is just basically a small point where I don't 00:25:16.200 --> 00:25:23.650 quite disagree with Kathleen Miller but I do very much appreciate and find very interesting the 00:25:23.650 --> 00:25:28.500 ethnographic material she presents and I think she makes a very very interesting argument around the 00:25:28.500 --> 00:25:37.550 material that she shows us here so it starts with the story of Rose one of her key informants or NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 74% (MEDIUM) 00:25:37.550 --> 00:25:47.300 or interlocutors how we also describe them so her friend Rose she ends up looking for other 00:25:47.300 --> 00:25:56.100 employment outside of the waist area but then ends up drifting back into it and so basically this 00:25:56.100 --> 00:26:04.800 then goes into a longer discussion around how waged labor so working for a regular income and you 00:26:04.800 --> 00:26:07.600 know a predictable even if sometimes low income NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:26:07.600 --> 00:26:15.400 that you get month by month is often understood to be the absolute standard or something that you 00:26:15.400 --> 00:26:22.400 know human beings all aspire towards we all want a paycheck that regularly comes into our bank 00:26:22.400 --> 00:26:28.600 account many of us think but she basically says here that we need to take a step back here and 00:26:28.600 --> 00:26:34.400 really think through well is this actually empirically true for everyone and you know her answer is 00:26:34.400 --> 00:26:37.500 of course that it might not be suitable or NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 80% (H?Y) 00:26:37.500 --> 00:26:45.900 interesting to everyone to work in that particular way and so it turns out for her friend Rose the 00:26:45.900 --> 00:26:53.000 landfill area the waste area that she does this irregular work of picking the trash from the 00:26:53.000 --> 00:27:05.400 Ground in is providing her what Kathleen Miller calls relational autonomy so a slight bit of autonomy 00:27:05.400 --> 00:27:07.500 that she otherwise wouldn't have in her life NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 86% (H?Y) 00:27:07.500 --> 00:27:15.000 is basically given to her by working in these really extremely precarious conditions in basically 00:27:15.000 --> 00:27:22.700 what is a very dirty and dangerous and very underpaid job and so she's basically looking here for a 00:27:22.700 --> 00:27:32.400 bit of agency in the kind of work that this woman is undertaking and also likes to think of work as 00:27:32.400 --> 00:27:37.450 something that is very much a means to make NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 89% (H?Y) 00:27:37.450 --> 00:27:45.100 make a living but also make life worth living which is a I think a very beautiful phrase that Susanna 00:27:45.100 --> 00:27:54.000 Sarowski has used in the past so to make a living in order to make life also worth living so she really 00:27:54.000 --> 00:28:03.600 is stressing here that the landfill and the work with waste gives some people an opportunity to 00:28:03.600 --> 00:28:07.500 carve out a little bit of space for them that they otherwise wouldn't have in NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 76% (H?Y) 00:28:07.500 --> 00:28:14.900 Their lives so in the case of Rose we then learned of course then she has children she has regular Health 00:28:14.900 --> 00:28:20.900 crisis to attend there's all kinds of kinship all kinds of family issues that she attends to on a 00:28:20.900 --> 00:28:28.550 regular basis which then means that she can't work a regular scheduled job and then of course she 00:28:28.550 --> 00:28:35.100 actually ends up preferring to come in and out of the out of the landfill area because it gives her 00:28:35.100 --> 00:28:37.450 a certain amount of Freedom that she otherwise wouldn't NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:28:37.450 --> 00:28:44.300 have yes so I think this is probably all I would like to say about this particular article to 00:28:44.300 --> 00:28:54.800 you and before I close this off I just want to bring things back to my favorite topic in the world 00:28:54.800 --> 00:28:59.600 of course which is container ships or at the very least cargo vessels NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 88% (H?Y) 00:28:59.600 --> 00:29:04.650 in this particular case we're not talking container ships although some containers are also involved 00:29:04.650 --> 00:29:12.200 so I would just very much like to make another connection here which is again back to Norway and the 00:29:12.200 --> 00:29:17.900 issue of waste in the global South and the kind of people who handle waste in the global South might 00:29:17.900 --> 00:29:24.200 seem again very far away from your everyday lives and the kinds of concerns that you have going 00:29:24.200 --> 00:29:30.100 about your businesses every day but I just would like to encourage you that if you have NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 81% (H?Y) 00:29:30.100 --> 00:29:36.550 you know a slow afternoon and the days are getting colder and grayer so you might have find yourself 00:29:36.550 --> 00:29:44.500 having a good hour to spend that you might want to have a look at a video that was produced by NRK 00:29:44.500 --> 00:29:54.200 recently which is called s?ppelsmuglerne and let me just show you the trailer so then 00:29:54.200 --> 00:30:00.150 you can get a taste for what this particular documentary NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 73% (MEDIUM) 00:30:00.150 --> 00:30:09.100 actually explores and why this might be interesting for our own purposes. 00:30:09.100 --> 00:30:12.900 NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 87% (H?Y) 00:30:53.800 --> 00:31:15.700 all right so this just to basically make the link again between cargo vessels that take Norwegian 00:31:15.700 --> 00:31:23.800 waste E-Waste in particular that has been smuggled from in this particular case from Bergen but with 00:31:23.800 --> 00:31:24.699 the help of old NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 75% (MEDIUM) 00:31:24.699 --> 00:31:32.900 Cars in containers that are been put on ferry and these ferry make their way down to 00:31:32.900 --> 00:31:41.500 Africa where Norwegian E-Waste so any cell phone that you might want to discard at an e-waste 00:31:41.500 --> 00:31:48.900 collection center for instance then ends up being sold again at an African market so again if you do 00:31:48.900 --> 00:31:53.700 have a moment to look at this documentary I highly recommend it to you.