WEBVTT Kind: captions; language: en-us NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:00:03.099 --> 00:00:09.200 yes hello everyone my name is Elizabeth Schober I'm an associate professor at the department of 00:00:09.200 --> 00:00:17.200 social anthropology and it's a pleasure for me to be giving the lecture on globalisation as part of 00:00:17.200 --> 00:00:26.000 your SOSANT1000 experience. First of all apologies that I won't be able to live zoom with you 00:00:26.000 --> 00:00:32.650 on Wednesday so there was a bit of a miscommunication happening I was told beforehand I can just NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 90% (H?Y) 00:00:32.650 --> 00:00:40.450 Pre-record these lectures and have therefore booked myself on a train to Bergen on Wednesday morning and then 00:00:40.450 --> 00:00:46.600 yeah so basically the connection won't be good enough that I can then talk to you from the train I'm 00:00:46.600 --> 00:00:54.700 afraid. So video recordings it will have to be. What I'm doing here today is basically breaking up the 00:00:54.700 --> 00:01:02.950 lecture into five shorter instalments so five videos that are somewhere between NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:01:02.950 --> 00:01:12.600 between 10 and 30 minutes long and I hope that this particular way of going through the lecture will 00:01:12.600 --> 00:01:19.699 allow you to you know go at your own pace and then also take breaks when you need to in addition to 00:01:19.699 --> 00:01:27.900 from what I hear this lecture will also be subtitled eventually so then you also have a chance to 00:01:27.900 --> 00:01:33.000 read up while I'm talking and hopefully this will make it easier for you NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 89% (H?Y) 00:01:33.000 --> 00:01:41.900 to follow this lecture despite the fact that it is in English and so let's get right into the topic 00:01:41.900 --> 00:01:50.800 here. Now what you see here of course is the ever given ultra large container ship that was stuck 00:01:50.800 --> 00:02:00.800 inside of the Suez Canal in March of 2021 and I'm showing you a picture of a container ship here 00:02:00.800 --> 00:02:02.850 because obviously it relates NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 88% (H?Y) 00:02:02.850 --> 00:02:09.199 to the issue of globalization but it also very much relates to my own research so I've spent 00:02:09.199 --> 00:02:18.000 the last 15 plus years basically researching all kinds of manifestation of globalization, I started 00:02:18.000 --> 00:02:25.000 out in South Korea doing field work on the issue of US military bases in the area of Seoul in 00:02:25.000 --> 00:02:32.900 particular and the kind of local repercussions that have NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 83% (H?Y) 00:02:32.900 --> 00:02:42.200 come about by via these installations and the presence of a number of US military personnel on 00:02:42.200 --> 00:02:49.600 Korean soil. In the meantime I've moved on to the issue of shipbuilding because South Korea is also 00:02:49.600 --> 00:02:58.000 as you will later hear the number one ship builder in the world and I have also in the meantime 00:02:58.000 --> 00:03:02.850 become very interested in not just any ship but in particular in container- NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 72% (MEDIUM) 00:03:02.850 --> 00:03:12.600 ships because they are in my view really the icons of globalization today and they are also 00:03:12.600 --> 00:03:23.800 a sign of usually a sign that is used to show okay here's a smooth flow of goods things are getting 00:03:23.800 --> 00:03:29.900 transported things are moving along, but as you can see here with the ever given recently this kind 00:03:29.900 --> 00:03:32.900 of image of the container ship NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 88% (H?Y) 00:03:32.900 --> 00:03:39.800 was slightly tainted when this Ultra large container ship got stuck sideways inside of the Suez 00:03:39.800 --> 00:03:47.400 Canal after sort of a gust of wind blew it against the banks of the canal. I'd like to show you 00:03:47.400 --> 00:03:54.800 this picture in particular because it was taken by a female marine engineer of the name of Julian 00:03:54.800 --> 00:04:02.850 and she posted this on Instagram no less because she was working on board of the container NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 81% (H?Y) 00:04:02.850 --> 00:04:10.600 ship that was right behind the ever given when the ship got stuck. It was one out of dozen of 00:04:10.600 --> 00:04:17.399 container ships and other vessels that were gradually getting stuck behind the ever given over the 00:04:17.399 --> 00:04:25.400 course of the six days that it actually blocked the canal and just to give you a brief idea of the 00:04:25.400 --> 00:04:32.900 kind of economic damage that was done here so it was estimated that this container ship being stuck NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:04:32.900 --> 00:04:41.600 here cost about 400 million dollars per hour to the global economy, and that has to do of course with 00:04:41.600 --> 00:04:49.600 the tens of thousands of containers that you see stacked on top of each other here on top of the 00:04:49.600 --> 00:04:56.300 ever given and that would have been stacked also on top of the container ships that are lining up 00:04:56.300 --> 00:05:02.549 behind it and these goods were expected in stores and shops across Europe NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:05:02.549 --> 00:05:11.400 and didn't arrive often until months and months later I was told. Now Maritime transport is an 00:05:11.400 --> 00:05:17.200 interesting phenomenon because it's often very much overlooked when it comes to the functioning of 00:05:17.200 --> 00:05:24.700 our world while at the same time being such a key factor in the way our contemporary World operates 00:05:24.700 --> 00:05:32.100 which is exactly why I myself and others have started to actually study them as social scientists to 00:05:32.100 --> 00:05:33.150 learn more about NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 81% (H?Y) 00:05:33.150 --> 00:05:39.800 the worlds of work also that are hidden behind these Ultra large vessels that you see here who are 00:05:39.800 --> 00:05:45.000 the people who work on board these ships? who are the people who helped make these ships? and then also 00:05:45.000 --> 00:05:51.300 who are the people who will help take a ship like the ever given apart in the future when it's no 00:05:51.300 --> 00:05:58.200 longer able to perform its duties? so these are some of the questions that I have been asking myself 00:05:58.200 --> 00:06:03.150 over the last few years. So I am NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:06:03.150 --> 00:06:14.300 only one out of many anthropologists these days who have moved away from studying small issues in 00:06:14.300 --> 00:06:25.000 small places but have started to study large issues often also in large places but also in large 00:06:25.000 --> 00:06:33.000 Urban contexts or in this particular case in large industries like the maritime industry is. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 74% (MEDIUM) 00:06:33.000 --> 00:06:41.500 Thomas Hylland Eriksen really stresses in his summary on globalization which I really really 00:06:41.500 --> 00:06:48.000 hope you had a chance to read for yourselves already if not please do take a look because you might 00:06:48.000 --> 00:06:52.900 not be aware of this but Thomas Hylland Eriksen is really one of the key authors globally 00:06:52.900 --> 00:07:00.100 speaking when it comes to the study of globalisation so and so basically you do have the privilege 00:07:00.100 --> 00:07:02.799 also of being able to NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 90% (H?Y) 00:07:02.799 --> 00:07:09.600 to read these texts that he has provided and the insights that he has gained over the years from 00:07:09.600 --> 00:07:18.650 studying how more and more of us are living in social contexts that have to do with the global. So 00:07:18.650 --> 00:07:26.700 his main point really is in this text that we are experiencing for the last few decades at the very 00:07:26.700 --> 00:07:33.000 least increasing integration of our Lives into global systems NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 79% (H?Y) 00:07:33.000 --> 00:07:43.900 and Global Systems that have both political economic but also cultural effects in our daily lives 00:07:43.900 --> 00:07:51.000 and so he's very much stressing this is something that doesn't just concern Europeans it doesn't 00:07:51.000 --> 00:07:58.200 just currents concern Americans it concerns nearly everyone who lives on the globe these days that 00:07:58.200 --> 00:08:02.750 we're all experiencing the increased integration of our NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 86% (H?Y) 00:08:02.750 --> 00:08:12.800 Lives when it comes to the globe now. So he stresses that in detail he argues in the chapter 00:08:12.800 --> 00:08:18.400 that you were supposed to read that more and more of us are moving away from having our lives 00:08:18.400 --> 00:08:27.500 affected by small scale groups which are often also arranged via kinship or family relations and 00:08:27.500 --> 00:08:32.799 have our lives organised by the fact that we live in states and that we hold certain citizenship NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 79% (H?Y) 00:08:32.799 --> 00:08:39.200 and so this is really affecting our day-to-day lives much more than it used to maybe a 00:08:39.200 --> 00:08:46.400 hundred 200 years ago at the same time more and more of us do hold wage work so we get paid for our 00:08:46.400 --> 00:08:55.150 jobs by an employer who sends us money each month that is we can expect a certain sum each month and 00:08:55.150 --> 00:09:02.550 which very much ties us into a larger economic system which is also known as capitalism NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:09:02.550 --> 00:09:11.150 so in the past of course and in some corners of the world still people are more concerned with 00:09:11.150 --> 00:09:18.200 subsistence economies so basically just fulfilling the needs of their own households by you know 00:09:18.200 --> 00:09:25.900 growing their own food maybe trading a few of the items that they make themselves for other items 00:09:25.900 --> 00:09:31.800 or other food that they need so much more small-scale sort of economic Arrangements but for the most 00:09:31.800 --> 00:09:32.850 part NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 90% (H?Y) 00:09:32.850 --> 00:09:40.700 most of human population today are much more tied into Global Systems when it comes to how they 00:09:40.700 --> 00:09:47.300 make a living and then also of course how they spend their money. So money is another key aspect that 00:09:47.300 --> 00:09:54.200 really draws us all together in many regards and of course the financialization also of our world 00:09:54.200 --> 00:10:00.099 the fact that we all have to engage with banks one way or another these banks are globally connected 00:10:00.099 --> 00:10:02.700 and then also the way we spend our money NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 88% (H?Y) 00:10:02.700 --> 00:10:08.400 so the consumption patterns as something that has to do with globalization of course now all of 00:10:08.400 --> 00:10:14.700 these things all these aspects of how we are increasingly interconnected with each other it's very 00:10:14.700 --> 00:10:22.600 important to stress does not mean that we are all the same now culturally speaking in fact that's 00:10:22.600 --> 00:10:28.000 really something that Thomas Holland Eriksen stresses over and over again in his book which is 00:10:28.000 --> 00:10:32.650 that cultural diversity is still effects of life NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:10:32.650 --> 00:10:39.400 of globalization and it will continue to be a fact of life we still do things radically 00:10:39.400 --> 00:10:45.600 different from each other depending on where we are in the world and that of course leaves a lot of 00:10:45.600 --> 00:10:54.400 space for anthropologists to make useful and meaningful interventions in this world. Now he also in 00:10:54.400 --> 00:11:00.850 his introduction stresses that there are eight key dimensions of globalization n?kkelbegrepet 00:11:00.850 --> 00:11:02.550 that he NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 90% (H?Y) 00:11:02.550 --> 00:11:12.000 encourages us to think through I will just really briefly mention these terms here to you but it's 00:11:12.000 --> 00:11:18.900 very important again that you do have a look at this text yourself and go through the explanations 00:11:18.900 --> 00:11:25.200 that he gives as to why these are particularly good terms to think with when it comes to 00:11:25.200 --> 00:11:32.700 globalisation so he talks here about disembedding as you know people things ideas NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 75% (MEDIUM) 00:11:32.700 --> 00:11:41.900 what not being taken out of their local contexts and be more obstructed by that way. He speaks of 00:11:41.900 --> 00:11:48.800 acceleration and in the meantime in recent years he's also started to speak more about overheating 00:11:48.800 --> 00:11:56.900 in fact not just acceleration so the speeding up but also the overheating the literal heating up of 00:11:56.900 --> 00:12:02.700 our life worlds and also pretentiously of course also of the planet we live on NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:12:02.700 --> 00:12:09.600 when you think about climate change, then he speaks of standardisation as a key issue and perhaps one 00:12:09.600 --> 00:12:15.250 of the key examples of standardisation you have already come across during this introduction now 00:12:15.250 --> 00:12:23.100 which is the shipping container that you can see stacked on top of these container vessels that 00:12:23.100 --> 00:12:29.700 were in the Suez Canal so shipping containers they used to come in all sizes and shapes and 00:12:29.700 --> 00:12:32.800 standards but then in the 1950s NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 76% (H?Y) 00:12:32.800 --> 00:12:40.200 onwards there was a big move towards standardizing containers springing them down to a certain size 00:12:40.200 --> 00:12:48.600 a certain shape using certain materials and that basically took on and now we do have a very 00:12:48.600 --> 00:12:55.900 set standard as to how you know containers look like that are used in the maritime transport World 00:12:55.900 --> 00:13:02.349 which very much made things easier it made it easier to flow, it brought about a lot more 00:13:02.349 --> 00:13:02.800 interconnectedness NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 88% (H?Y) 00:13:02.800 --> 00:13:09.100 which is another key term that Thomas Hylland Eriksen stresses he also mentions of course 00:13:09.100 --> 00:13:17.150 Mobility as an aspect so we're talking about the mobility of goods again via ships via planes via 00:13:17.150 --> 00:13:23.100 trucks and whatnot but we also talking about the mobility of people sometimes also the immobility of 00:13:23.100 --> 00:13:32.100 people we're talking about the mobility of ideas the mobility of you know also cultural phenomenon like 00:13:32.100 --> 00:13:32.750 you know k-pop NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 82% (H?Y) 00:13:32.750 --> 00:13:40.600 for instance as something that is now taking the World by storm he talks about mixing as another 00:13:40.600 --> 00:13:48.900 key aspect of globalisation so the blending of various cultural phenomenon in different contexts of 00:13:48.900 --> 00:13:57.500 our globe and then he talks also about vulnerability which is of course something that may have 00:13:57.500 --> 00:14:02.500 needed more explanation two years ago than it does today because I think we all got a NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 89% (H?Y) 00:14:02.500 --> 00:14:10.700 a good taste of what it means to live in a globalised world and the kinds of vulnerabilities that 00:14:10.700 --> 00:14:19.100 can lead to via the covid-19 crisis that is still ongoing and finally he does talk about re- 00:14:19.100 --> 00:14:26.400 embedding so tilbakekobling as a phenomenon that is also something we need to pay attention to 00:14:26.400 --> 00:14:32.650 that in a situation where there's a lot of social change where things change rapidly NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 81% (H?Y) 00:14:32.650 --> 00:14:40.500 acceleratedly that suddenly there might be local resistances emerging and people might try to 00:14:40.500 --> 00:14:49.050 Re-embed themselves in particular ways sometimes even violent ways as we will also see in the 00:14:49.050 --> 00:14:58.500 segment number four of this five-part video instalment here now this brings me to the end 00:14:58.500 --> 00:15:02.750 of the introduction so again I just want to stress here that we're looking NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 79% (H?Y) 00:15:02.750 --> 00:15:10.400 at in the next few instalments in the next three videos following this one you will be introduced 00:15:10.400 --> 00:15:17.200 first of all to the world of Korean shipbuilding and I will give you the example of a Korean 00:15:17.200 --> 00:15:24.500 Shipyard in South Korea and then a Korean Shipyard in the Philippines and they're basically owned by 00:15:24.500 --> 00:15:32.650 the same company and have led this this ownership by the same company has led to all kinds of NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:15:32.650 --> 00:15:39.800 repercussions for workers on the ground in Korea and the Philippines that I will discuss 00:15:39.800 --> 00:15:49.200 with you in detail then after that there will be an excursion into the world of waste and I 00:15:49.200 --> 00:15:56.700 will give you the example of waste pickers so people who go through trash heaps and pick out the 00:15:56.700 --> 00:16:02.400 stuff that can still be sold again for money and this particular form of work NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 89% (H?Y) 00:16:02.400 --> 00:16:10.400 will be represented by waste pickers in the Philippines where I'll also show you a short video clip that 00:16:10.400 --> 00:16:19.500 I've worked on together with a collaborator in the Philippines and then also I will discuss briefly 00:16:19.500 --> 00:16:27.200 some work that's based on field work in Brazil and make a comparison here that also brings in 00:16:27.200 --> 00:16:32.550 the concept of precarity as something we want to think about and then NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:16:32.550 --> 00:16:42.900 in the third video you will be introduced to the fight against Global pandemics and again the local 00:16:42.900 --> 00:16:52.150 often violent responses that this particular fight against pandemics may also trigger so I hope this 00:16:52.150 --> 00:17:02.200 will be of interest to some of you and do hang in there watch the videos and ideally also watch if 00:17:02.200 --> 00:17:02.700 you do have NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:17:02.700 --> 00:17:09.400 little bit of time left afterwards do watch the to recommended videos that I will also post 00:17:09.400 --> 00:17:15.300 separately for you which are two very good documentaries that also deal with globalization 00:17:15.300 --> 00:17:20.300 from a different angle but in a related manner to some of the things I will be discussing with you 00:17:20.300 --> 00:17:21.700 today