d = read.table("exmp11-10.txt",header=TRUE,sep=",") d$Rail = as.factor(d$Rail) fit = aov(time~Rail,data=d) summary(fit) MSTr = 1862.10 MSE = 16.17 I = 6 J = table(d$Rail) n = sum(J) sig2.A.hat = (MSTr-MSE)*(I-1)/(n-sum(J^2)/n) print(sig2.A.hat)