Pensum/l?ringskrav

John McMurry: Organic Chemistry, 2004. Thomson/Brooks/Cole. ISBN:?0-534-38999-6. Utgave 6 (utgave 5 kan benyttes). http://www.brookscole.com/chemistry_d/index.html.

F?lgende delavsnitt inng?r i pensum (avsnittnummer i parentes er til utgave 5 der det er forskjeller):

  • Kap. 6 Alkenes: Structure and Reactivity
  • 6.9. Orientation of electrophilic addition

  • Kap. 7 Alkenes: Reactions and Synthesis
  • 7.1. Preparation of alkenes: A preview of elimination reactions
  • 7.2. Addition of halogens to alkenes
  • 7.3. Halohydrin formation
  • 7.4. Addition of water to alkenes: Oxymercuration
  • 7.5. Addition of water to alkenes: Hydroboration
  • 7.7. Reduction of alkenes: Hydrogenation
  • 7.8. Oxidation of alkenes: Hydroxylation and cleavage

  • Kap. 8 Alkynes: An Introduction to Organic Synthesis
  • 8.1. Electronic structure of alkynes
  • 8.2. Naming alkynes
  • 8.3. Preparation of alkynes: Elimination reactions of dihalides
  • 8.4. Reactions of alkynes: Addition of HX and X2
  • 8.6. Reduction of alkynes
  • 8.8. Alkyne acidity: Formation of acetylide anions
  • 8.9. Alkylation of acetylide anions
  • 8.10. An introduction to organic synthesis

  • Kap. 10 Alkyl Halides
  • 10.3. Preparing alkyl halides
  • 10.4. Radical halogenation of alkanes
  • 10.5. Allylic bromination of alkenes
  • 10.6. Stability of the allyl radical: Resonance revisited
  • 10.7. Preparing alkyl halides from alcohols
  • 10.8. Reactions of organohalides: Grignard reagents
  • 10.10. Oxidation and reduction in organic chemistry

  • Kap. 11 Reactions of Alkyl Halides: Nucleophilic Substitutions and Elimination
  • 11.10. Elimination reactions of alkyl halides: Zaitsev’s rule
  • 11.11. The E2 reaction
  • 11.14. The E1 reaction
  • 11.15. Summary of reactivity SN1, SN2, E1, E2
  • 11.16. Substitution reactions in synthesis

  • Kap. 12 Struture Determination: Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy
  • 12.1. Mass spectrometry
  • 12.2. Interpreting mass spectra
  • 12.3. Interpreting mass spectral fragmentation patterns
  • 12.4. Mass spectral behavior of some common functional groups
  • 12.5. Spectroscopy and the electromagnetic spectrum
  • 12.6. Infrared spectroscopy of organic molecules
  • 12.7. Interpreting infrared spectra
  • 12.8. Infrared spectra of hydrocarbons
  • 12.9. Infrared spectra of some common functional groups

  • Kap. 13 Structure Determination: Nuclear Magnetic Resonace Spectroscopy
  • 13.1. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
  • 13.2. The nature of NMR absorption
  • 13.3. Chemical shifts
  • 13.4. 13C NMR spectroscopy: Signal averaging and FT-NMR
  • 13.5. Charactheristics of 13C NMR spectroscopy
  • 13.8. 1H NMR spectroscopy and proton equivalence
  • 13.9. Chemical shifts in 1H NMR spectroscopy
  • 13.10. Integration of 1H NMR absorbtions: Proton counting
  • 13.11. Spin-spin splitting in 1H NMR spectra

  • Kap. 14 Conjugated Dienes and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
  • 14.1. Preparation of conjugated dienes
  • 14.3 (14.5). Electrophilic additions to conjugated dienes: Allylic carbocations
  • 14.4 (14.6). Kinetic versus thermodynamic control of reactions
  • 14.5 (14.8). The Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction
  • 14.6 (14.9). Characteristics of the Diels Alder reaction

  • Kap. 15 Benzene and Aromaticity
  • 15.1. Sources of aromatic hydrocarbons
  • 15.2. Naming aromatic compounds
  • 15.3. Structure and stability of benzene
  • 15.4. Molecular orbital description of benzene
  • 15.5. Aromaticity and the Hückel 4n+2 rule
  • 15.6. Aromatic ions
  • 15.7. Aromatic heterocycles: Pyridine and pyrrole
  • 15.8. Why 4n+2?
  • 15.9. Polycyclic aromatic compound: Naphthalene
  • 15.10. Spectroscopy of aromatic compounds

  • Kap. 16 Chemistry of Benzene: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
  • 16.1. Bromination of aromatic rings
  • 16.2. Other aromatic substitutions
  • 16.3. Alkylation of aromatic rings: The Friedel-Crafts reaction
  • 16.4. Acylation of aromatic rings

  • Kap. 17 Alcohols and Phenols
  • 17.1. Naming alcohols and phenols
  • 17.2. Properties of alcohols and phenols: Hydrogen bonding
  • 17.3. Properties of alcohols and phenols: Acidity and basicity
  • 17.4. Preparation of alcohols: A review
  • 17.5. Alcohols from reduction of carbonyl compounds
  • 17.6. Alcohols from reaction of carbonyl compounds with Grignard reagents.
  • 17.7. Some reactions of alcohols
  • 17.8. Oxidation of alcohols
  • 17.12. Spectroscopy of alcohols and phenols

  • Kap. 18 Ethers and Epoxides; Thiols and Sulfides
  • 18.1. Naming ethers
  • 18.2. Structure, properties, and sources of ethers
  • 18.3. The Williamson ether synthesis
  • 18.7. Cyclic ethers: Epoxides
  • 18.8. Ring opening reactions of epoxides
  • 18.10 (18.11). Thiols and sulfides
  • 18.11 (18.10). Spectroscopy of ethers

  • Kap. 19 Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions
  • 19.1. Naming aldehydes and ketones
  • 19.2. Preparation of aldehydes and ketones
  • 19.3. Oxidation of aldehydes and ketones
  • 19.4. Nucleophilic addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones
  • 19.5. Relative reactivity of aldehydes and ketones
  • 19.6. Nucleophilic addition of H2O: Hydration
  • 19.7. Nucleophilic addition of HCN: Cyanohydrin formation
  • 19.8. Nucleophilic addition of Grignard reagents and hydride reagents: Alcohol formation
  • 19.9. Nucleophilic addition of amines: Imine and enamine formation
  • 19.11. Nucleophilic addition of alcohols: Acetal formation
  • 19.12. Nucleophilic addition of phosphorus ylides: The Wittig reaction
  • 19.16. Spectroscopy of aldehydes and ketones

  • Kap. 20 Carboxylic Acids
  • 20.1. Naming carboxylic acids and nitriles
  • 20.2. Structure and physical properties of carboxylic acids
  • 20.3. Dissociation of carboxylic acids
  • 20.4. Substituent effects on acidity
  • 20.5. Substituent effects in substituted benzoic acids
  • 20.6. Preparation of carboxylic acids
  • 20.7. Reactions of carboxylic acids: An overview
  • 20.8. Reduction of carboxylic acids
  • 20.9 (21.8). Chemistry of nitriles
  • 20.10 (20.9). Spectroscopy of carboxylic acids and nitriles

  • Kap. 21 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives and Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions
  • 21.1. Naming carboxylic acid derivatives
  • 21.2. Nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions
  • 21.3. Nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions of carboxylic acids
  • 21.4. Chemistry of acid halides
  • 21.5. Chemistry of acid anhydrides
  • 21.6. Chemistry of esters
  • 21.7. Chemistry of amides

  • Kap. 22 Carbonyl Alpha-Substitution Reactions
  • 22.1. Keto-enol tautomerism
  • 22.2. Reactivity of enols: The mechanism of alpha-substitution reactions
  • 22.3. Alpha halogenation of aldehydes and ketones
  • 22.5. Acidity of alpha hydrogen atoms: Enolate ion formation
  • 22.6. Reactivity of enolate ions

  • Kap. 23 Carbonyl Condensation Reactions
  • 23.1. Mechanism of carbonyl condensation
  • 23.2. Condensation of aldehydes and ketones: The aldol reaction
  • 23.3 Carbonyl Condensation Reactions versus Alpha-Substitution Reactions
  • 23.4. Dehydration of aldol products: Synthesis of enones
  • 23.5. Using aldol reactions in synthesis
  • 23.6. Mixed aldol condensation
  • 23.7. Intramolecular aldol condensation
  • 23.8. The Claisen condensation reaction
  • 23.9. Mixed Claisen condensation
  • 23.10. Intramolecular Claisen condensations: The Dieckmann cyclization
  • 23.11. The Michael reaction

  • Kap. 24 Amines
  • 24.1. Naming amines
  • 24.2. Structure and bonding in amines
  • 24.3. Properties and sources of amines
  • 24.4. Basicity of amines
  • 24.5. Basicity of substituted arylamines
  • 24.6. Synthesis of amines; men bare avsnittet “Reduction of nitriles, amides, and nitro compounds”

  • Kap. 25 Biomolecules: Carbohydrates
  • 25.1. Classification of carbohydrates
  • 25.2. Configurations of monosaccarides: Fisher projections
  • 25.3. D,L sugars
  • 25.4. Configuration of the aldoses
  • 25.5. Cyclic structures of monosaccarides: Hemiacetal formation
  • 25.6. Monosaccaride anomers: Mutarotation

  • Kap. 26 Biomolecules: Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins
  • 26.1. Structures of amino acids
  • 26.2. Isoelectric points

Publisert 21. apr. 2005 13:11 - Sist endret 24. aug. 2005 15:47