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{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
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\f37\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f4\fs48\up6\insrsid5460346 
\par 
\par }{\b\f4\fs48\insrsid5460346 Zero Filling in 1D 
\par 
\par NMR SPECTROSCOPY
\par }{\b\f4\fs28\insrsid5460346 (Xwinnmr }{\b\f4\fs28\insrsid1583035 for PC, version 3.5}{\b\f4\fs28\insrsid5460346 )
\par }{\b\f4\fs48\insrsid5460346 
\par on 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1583035 {\b\f4\fs48\insrsid1583035 DPX 200, DPX 300}{\b\f4\fs48\insrsid5460346 ,}{\b\f4\fs48\insrsid1583035  DRX 500}{\b\f4\fs48\insrsid5460346 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\f4\fs48\insrsid5460346 
\par and
\par 
\par }{\b\f4\fs48\insrsid1583035 Processing computers}{\b\f4\fs48\insrsid5460346 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\f4\insrsid5460346 Department of Chemistry
\par University of Oslo
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\f4\insrsid8401613 January}{\b\f4\insrsid5460346  }{\b\f4\insrsid1583035 200}{\b\f4\insrsid8401613 5}{\b\f4\insrsid5460346 .
\par }{\b\f4\fs28\insrsid5460346 Version I}{\b\f4\fs28\ul\insrsid5460346 
\par }{\f4\insrsid5460346 
\par }{\fs18\insrsid1583035 200}{\fs18\insrsid8401613 5}{\fs18\insrsid5460346 .  \'a9 F. Rise}{\fs18\insrsid1583035  and B. J. Wik}{\b\f4\insrsid5460346 
\par }{\b\fs36\up6\insrsid5460346 \page }{\insrsid5460346 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid5460346 Log in and start xwinnmr.
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f37\insrsid5460346 \hich\af37\dbch\af0\loch\f37 1.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16062376 {\insrsid5460346 Click on }{
\b\insrsid5460346 File}{\insrsid5460346  followed by }{\b\insrsid5460346 search}{\insrsid5460346 .  Select a disk for instance }{\insrsid16062376 C:. }{\insrsid5460346 Select one of your own spectra.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid5460346 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f37\insrsid5460346 \hich\af37\dbch\af0\loch\f37 2.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16062376 {\insrsid5460346 Type }{
\b\insrsid5460346 wrd}{\b\f3\fs28\insrsid16062376 \'bf}{\insrsid5460346   this is the command for copying the dataset which is on screen to another disk (home or other place) for permanent storage and at the same time }{\b\insrsid5460346 
change the ownership}{\insrsid5460346  of the files.  
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid5460346 
\par }\pard \qj \fi284\li436\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin436\itap0\pararsid16062376 {\insrsid5460346 Enter target data set }{\b\insrsid5460346 NAME:}{\insrsid5460346 \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\b\insrsid16062376 ZEROFILL}{
\b\f3\fs28\insrsid16062376 \'bf}{\b\insrsid5460346 \tab }{\insrsid5460346 (use your own expname)}{\b\insrsid5460346 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16062376 {\insrsid5460346 Enter target data set}{\b\insrsid5460346  EXPNO:\tab \tab \tab }{\b\insrsid16062376 \tab }{\b\insrsid5460346 2}{
\b\f3\fs28\insrsid16062376 \'bf}{\b\insrsid5460346 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\insrsid5460346 (use the expno seen in the top part of the xwinnmr window).
\par Enter target data set }{\b\insrsid5460346 PROCNO:\tab \tab \tab 1}{\b\f3\fs28\insrsid16062376 \'bf}{\b\insrsid5460346 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\insrsid5460346 (use the procno seen in the top part of the xwinnmr window).
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8401613 {\insrsid5460346 Enter target disk unit }{\b\insrsid5460346 DU}{\insrsid5460346 :\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\b\insrsid8401613 D}{
\b\insrsid16062376 :}{\b\f3\fs28\insrsid16062376 \'bf}{\insrsid5460346  \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\insrsid8401613 (if you want to, you can choose M: and the dataset will go to your home directory)
\par }\pard \qj \fi284\li436\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin436\itap0\pararsid8401613 {\insrsid5460346 Enter target user name }{\b\insrsid5460346 USER}{\insrsid5460346 :\tab \tab \tab \tab }{\b\insrsid16062376 uio}{
\b\insrsid5460346  user name}{\b\f3\fs28\insrsid16062376 \'bf}{\b\insrsid5460346  \tab }{\insrsid5460346 (your own user name)
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid5460346 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f37\insrsid5460346 \hich\af37\dbch\af0\loch\f37 3.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16062376 {\insrsid5460346 Use }{
\b\insrsid5460346 search}{\insrsid5460346  to find the }{\insrsid16062376 ZEROFILL}{\insrsid5460346  dataset, then }{\b\insrsid5460346 append}{\insrsid5460346  and }{\b\insrsid5460346 apply}{\insrsid5460346  it to the xwinnmr window and }{
\b\insrsid5460346 efp}{\insrsid5460346  to Fourier transform it}{\insrsid16062376 .}{\insrsid5460346  }{\fs18\insrsid5460346 If the computer you are using does have another plotter attached than the one used under acquisition use }{\b\fs18\insrsid5460346 
edo}{\fs18\insrsid5460346  (edit output) to select the new plotter.  The data set does regretfully remember the plotter name connected to the computer used to acquire the spectrum.  }{\b\fs18\insrsid5460346 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid5460346 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\f37\insrsid5460346 \hich\af37\dbch\af0\loch\f37 4.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16062376 {\b\insrsid5460346 efp}{
\insrsid5460346  and }{\b\insrsid5460346 apk}{\insrsid5460346  the spectrum.  Expand a sensible part of the spectrum on the screen..
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid5460346 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f37\insrsid5460346 \hich\af37\dbch\af0\loch\f37 5.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5460346 {\insrsid5460346 Type }{
\b\insrsid5460346 eda}{\insrsid5460346  to see acquisition parameters.  Look for the parameter }{\b\insrsid5460346 TD}{\insrsid5460346 .  eda parameters can only be changed before the experiments starts.  
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid5460346 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f37\insrsid5460346 \hich\af37\dbch\af0\loch\f37 6.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5460346 {\insrsid5460346 Type }{
\b\insrsid5460346 edp}{\insrsid5460346  to see processing parameters.  Look for the parameter }{\b\insrsid5460346 SI}{\insrsid5460346  (size).  edp parameters can be changed after the experiment is finished.  
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid5460346 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f37\insrsid5460346 \hich\af37\dbch\af0\loch\f37 7.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5460346 {\insrsid5460346 The }{
\b\insrsid5460346 Re}{\insrsid5460346  spectrum is presumably consisting of 16k data points.  If so the }{\b\insrsid5460346 Im}{\insrsid5460346  spectrum has 16k data points.  This parameter (data points) is called SI (si
ze).  When SI=TD/2 no zero filling has taken place.  
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid5460346 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f37\insrsid5460346 \hich\af37\dbch\af0\loch\f37 8.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5460346 {\insrsid5460346 Use }{
\b\insrsid5460346 edc}{\insrsid5460346  to increase the }{\b\insrsid5460346 procno}{\insrsid5460346  (processing numbers) for the following.  Change }{\b\insrsid5460346 SI}{\insrsid5460346 
, either by typing SI in the xwinnmr window or by changing SI in the edp window.  Select SI to be 2k, 4k, 8k, 16k, 32k, 64k and 128k.  Do an }{\b\insrsid5460346 efp}{\insrsid5460346 
 for each individual SI and watch the result on the expanded part of the spectrum on the screen.  The expansion disappears for each efp.  Plot if you like with }{\b\insrsid5460346 plot}{\insrsid5460346 .  
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid5460346 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f37\insrsid5460346 \hich\af37\dbch\af0\loch\f37 9.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5460346 {\insrsid5460346 
When SI = TD you have zero filled once, when SI = 2TD you have zero filled twice.  What have you done when SI = TD/4 or SI = TD/8?  Which part of the FID are you using?  Why are the spectra looking as they do with low SI?
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid5460346 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f37\insrsid5460346 \hich\af37\dbch\af0\loch\f37 10.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5460346 {\insrsid5460346 
Zero filling is important in 2D NMR.  Another manual will be provided for this purpose.  An alternative to zero filling in both 1D and 2D is linear prediction which also will have its own manual.  
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid5460346 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f37\insrsid5460346 \hich\af37\dbch\af0\loch\f37 11.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0 {\insrsid5460346 
Zero filling is important with wide sweep widths (wide ppm area).  The sweep width is 
connected to the acquisition time (AQ) in such a way that the wider the ppm area is the shorter is the AQ time for a given number of data points (TD).  If you do not increase the number of data points when increasing the SW (in hertz or ppm) the AQ drops 
d
own.  In certain cases the T1 relaxation is not over at the end of the AQ time.  This will give bad "wiggles" at the baseline of strong peaks.  Zero filling in combination with a WDW (window) function that takes the signal down to zero at the end of the F
ID (attenuates the signal) can make a bad looking (see above) spectrum better. 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5460346 {\insrsid5460346 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f37\insrsid5460346 \hich\af37\dbch\af0\loch\f37 12.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5460346 {\insrsid5460346 Change }{
\b\insrsid5460346 procno}{\insrsid5460346  with}{\b\insrsid5460346  edc.}{\insrsid5460346   Open }{\b\insrsid5460346 edp}{\insrsid5460346 .  Increase }{\b\insrsid5460346 TD}{\insrsid5460346  to a higher number.  Change }{\b\insrsid5460346 LB}{
\insrsid5460346  (line broadening) from 0.3 Hz to 3 Hz.  Keep EM (exponential multiplication) as the wdw (window function).  A separate manual for window functions will appear shortly. 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid5460346 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\f37\insrsid5460346 \hich\af37\dbch\af0\loch\f37 13.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5460346 {\b\insrsid5460346 Efp}{
\insrsid5460346  the FID - watch the difference in appearance!!
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid5460346 
\par }}