MES4520 - Spring 2020

Syllabus

The syllabus does not distinguish between required and supplementary reading. Students are encouraged to browse all reading material and select four items for close reading in preparation for each seminar.

Making Sense of ISIS: Jihadist insurgencies and proto-states in the contemporary MENA Region

 

Perspectives on Contemporary Insurgencies - Seminar no. 1. 

  1. von Einsiedel, Sebastian et al. "Civil War Trends and the Changing Nature of Armed Conflict." United Nations University Centre for Policy Research, Occasional Paper 10 (March 2017).
  2. Jo, Hyeran; Rotem Dvir, and Yvette Isidori. “Who Is a Rebel? Typology and Rebel Groups in the Contemporary Middle East.” Middle East - Topics & Arguments 6 (May 2016): 76-86. 

  3. Kalyvas, Stathis N. "Jihadi Rebels in Civil War." Daedalus 147, no. 1 (Winter 2018): 36-47.

  4. Mackinlay, John. The Insurgent Archipelago: From Mao to Bin Laden. (London: Hurst, 2009). Introduction, chapter 1 & 8. [in Canvas].

  5. Staniland, Paul. “Cities on Fire: Social Mobilization, State Policy, and Urban Insurgency.” Comparative Political Studies 43, no. 12 (June 2010): 1623-1649.

  6. Grauer, Ryan and Dominic Tierney. “The Arsenal of Insurrection: Explaining Rising Support for Rebels.” Security Studies 27 no. 2 (2017): 263-295.

  7. Hughes, Geraint. "Militias in internal warfare: From the colonial era to the contemporary Middle East." Small Wars & Insurgencies 27, no. 2 (2016): 196-225.

  8. Howard, Lise Morjé and Alexandra Stark. "Why Civil Wars Are Lasting Longer." Foreign Affairs (February 27, 2018).

  9. Salloukh, Bassel F. "From State-Building to State-Fraying Permeability: NSAs in the Post-Popular Uprisings Arab World". In Shifting Global Politics and the Middle East, edited by Marc Lynch. (POMEPS Studies no. 34), 72-75.

Understanding Jihadism: Historical and Conceptual Background - Seminar no. 2 & 3.

  1. Robinson, Glenn E.. "The Four Waves of Global Jihad, 1979–2017." Middle East Policy, 24, no. 3 (Fall 2017): 70-88.
  2. Wiktorowicz, Quintan. “Anatomy of the Salafi Movement.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 29, no. 3 (2003): 207-239.
  3. Lia, Brynjar. "Jihadism in the Arab World after 2011: Explaining its Expansion." Middle East Policy 23, no.4 (2016): 74-91.
  4. Hegghammer, Thomas. “Jihadi Salafis or Revolutionaries? On Religion and Politics in the Study of Militant Islamism.” In Global Salafism: Islam's New Religious Movement, edited by Roel Meijer. 244-266. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. [In Canvas].
  5. Tankel, Stephen. "Universal soldiers or parochial actors: Understanding jihadists as products of their environments." Terrorism and Political Violence 31, no. 2 (2019): 299-322.
  6. Stenersen, Anne. "Jihadism after the ‘Caliphate’: towards a new typology." British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies (Published online: 28 November 2018).
  7.  Bunzel, Cole. “From Paper State to Caliphate: The Ideology of the Islamic State.” (Washington D.C.: Brookings, 2015), 4-37.
  8. Lounnas, Djallil. "The Shifts in the Jihadi-Salafi Paradigms: From the Peshawar and Jalalabad Paradigms to Those of Idleb and Raqqa." Terrorism and Political Violence (Published online 29 January 2019).
  9. T?nnessen, Truls Hallberg. "The Islamic State after the Caliphate." Perspectives on Terrorism 13, no. 1 (February 2019): 2-12.
  10. International Crisis Group. "Averting an ISIS Resurgence in Iraq and Syria." (Middle East Report N°207, 11 October 2019), 1-30.
  11. Aae, Bjarke. "A Short History of Jihadism Studies." Tidsskrift for Islamforskning, 12, no. 1 (2018): 78-105.
  12. Bassil, Noah Raffoul. "A Critique of Western Representations of ISIS: Deconstructing Contemporary Orientalism." Global Change, Peace & Security, 31, no. 1 (2019): 81-94.

The Foreign Fighters Phenomenon – Seminar no. 4.

  1. Hegghammer, Thomas. "The Rise of Muslim Foreign Fighters: Islam and the Globalization of Jihad." International Security 35, no. 3 (Winter 2010/11): 53-94.
  2. Malet, David. "Foreign Fighter Mobilization and Persistence in a Global Context." Terrorism and Political Violence, 27, no. 3 (2015): 454-473.
  3. Cragin, R. Kim and Susan Stipanovich. "Metastases: Exploring the impact of foreign fighters in conflicts abroad." Journal of Strategic Studies 42, no. 3-4 (2019): 395-424.
  4. Rich, Ben and Dara Conduit. “The Impact of Jihadist Foreign Fighters on Indigenous Secular-Nationalist Causes: Contrasting Chechnya and Syria.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 38, no. 2 (2015): 113-131.
  5. Byman, Daniel. "How States Exploit Jihadist Foreign Fighters." Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 41, no. 12 (2018): 931-945.
  6. Dawson, Lorne L.  and Amarnath Amarasingam. "Talking to Foreign Fighters: Insights into the Motivations for Hijrah to Syria and Iraq." Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 40, no. 3 (2017): 191-210.
  7. Pokalova, Elena. "Driving Factors behind Foreign Fighters in Syria and Iraq." Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 42, no. 9 (2019):  798-818.
  8. Cook, Joana, and Gina Vale. From Daesh to ‘Diaspora’: Tracing the Women and Minors of Islamic State (London: ICSR, King’s College, 2018),7-57.

Popular Support, Resource Mobilization & Recruitment – Seminar no. 5.

  1. Hegghammer, Thomas. “The Recruiter’s Dilemma: Signalling and Rebel Recruitment Tactics.” Journal of Peace Research 50, no. 3 (2013): 3-16.
  2. Lia, Brynjar. “Al-Qaida’s Appeal: Understanding its Unique Selling Points.” Perspectives on Terrorism 2, no. 8 (May 2008): 3-10.
  3. Speckhard, Anne and Ahmet S. Yayla. "Eyewitness Accounts from Recent Defectors from Islamic State: Why They Joined, What They Saw, Why They Quit." Perspectives on Terrorism 9, no. 6 (December 2015): 95-118.
  4. Kaltenthaler, Karl; Daniel Silverman & Munqith Dagher. "Identity, Ideology, and Information: The Sources of Iraqi Public Support for the Islamic State." Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 41, no. 10 (2018): 801-824.
  5. Piazza, James A. and Ahmet Guler. "The Online Caliphate: Internet Usage and ISIS Support in the Arab World." Terrorism and Political Violence (Published online 20 May 2019).
  6. Ilan, Jonathan and Sveinung Sandberg. "How ‘Gangsters’ Become Jihadists: Bourdieu, criminology and the crime–terrorism nexus." European Journal of Criminology 16, no. 3 (May 2019): 278-294.
  7. Ahmad, Aisha. “Going Global: Islamist Competition in Contemporary Civil Wars.” Security Studies 25, no. 2 (2016): 353-384.
  8. Glavin, Nicholas A. "Remaining and Expanding: Why Local Violent Extremist Organizations Reflag to ISIS." Small Wars Journal, 5/2018.
  9. Day, Joel. “The ISIS Bandwagon: Under What Conditions Do Groups Pledge Support.” Boston University Luce Series in Religion and World, 2016.
  10. Takaoka, Yutaka. "Analysis of the Resource Mobilization Mechanism of the Islamic State." Perceptions 21, no. 1 (Spring 2016): 11-26.
  11. Mironova, Vera. From Freedom Fighters to Jihadists: Human Resources of Non State Armed Groups. Oxford University Press, 2019. (Chapter 3, pp.68-84 & Chapter 4, pp.85-100). [In Canvas].

Conflict Contagion, Overspill and Absence thereof – Seminar no. 6.

  1. Nesser, Petter. "Military Interventions, Jihadi Networks, and Terrorist Entrepreneurs: How the Islamic State Terror Wave Rose So High in Europe." CTC Sentinel, 12, no. 3 (March 2019): 15-21.
  2. Lia, Brynjar & ?shild Kj?k. "Islamist Insurgencies, Diasporic Support Networks, and Their Host States: The Case of the Algerian GIA in Europe 1993-2000." (Kjeller: FFI, 2001), 22-54.
  3. Nesser, Petter and Henrik Gr?trud. “When Conflicts Do Not Overspill: The Case of Jordan.” Perspectives on Politics (Published online December 2019), 1–15.
  4. Gade, Tine. “Limiting Violent Spillover in Civil Wars: The Paradoxes of Lebanese Sunni Jihadism, 2011–17.” Contemporary Arab Affairs 10, no. 2 (2017): 187–206.
  5. Nesser, Petter; Anne Stenersen and Emilie Oftedal. "Jihadi Terrorism in Europe: The IS-Effect." Perspectives on Terrorism 10, no. 6 (2016): 3-24.
  6. Finnbogason, Daniel & Isak Svensson. "The missing jihad. Why have there been no jihadist civil wars in Southeast Asia?" The Pacific Review, 31, no. 1 ((2018): 96-115.
  7. Solingen, Etel. "Of Dominoes and Firewalls: The Domestic, Regional, and Global Politics of International Diffusion." International Studies Quarterly, 56, no. 4 (December 2012): 631–644.

The Islamic State and Its "Territoriality" – Seminar no. 7.

  1. Wagemakers, Joas. “What Should an Islamic State Look Like? Jihādī‐Salafī Debates on the War in Syria.” The Muslim World, 106, no. 3 (2016): 501-22.

  2. Adraoui, Mohamed-Ali. "Borders and sovereignty in Islamist and jihadist thought: past and present." International Affairs 93, no. 4 (2017): 917-935.

  3. Dobo?, Bohumil; Martin Riegl & Stig Jarle Hansen. "Territoriality of radical Islam: comparative analysis of jihadist groups' approach to territory." Small Wars & Insurgencies 30, no. 3 (2019): 543-562.

  4. Hansen, Stig Jarle. "Developing a Typology of Territorial Presence." In Stig Jarle Hansen Horn, Sahel, and Rift: Fault-lines of the African Jihad. London: Hurst, 2019. (Pp. 17-50, chapter 2). [in Canvas].

  5. Zelin, Aaron Y. "The Islamic State’s Territorial Methodology." Research Note. Washington DC: WINEP, January 2016.

  6. Kadercan, Burak. "Territorial logic of the Islamic State: an interdisciplinary approach." Territory, Politics, Governance, (2019).

  7. Pollard, Stacey Erin; David Alexander Poplack & Kevin Carroll Casey. "Understanding the Islamic State’s competitive advantages: Remaking state and nationhood in the Middle East and North Africa." Terrorism and Political Violence 29, no. 6 (2017): 1045-1065.

  8. Eleftheriadou, Marina and Sotiris Roussos. "The Islamic State’s Notion of ‘Mobile’ Sovereignty/Territoriality in a Post-Secular Perspective." In Islam in International Relations: Politics and Paradigms, edited by Nassef Manabilang Adiong, Raffaele Mauriello and Deina Abdelkader. 200-217. Abingdon: Routledge, 2019. [In Canvas].

Rebel Rulers: ISIS Governance in Perspective – Seminar no. 8 & 9.

  1. Mampilly, Zachariah Cherian. "Bandits, Warlords, Embryonic States, Black Spots and Ungoverned Territories: The Unwieldy Taxonomy of Rebel-Governed Areas." In Zachariah Cherian Mampilly. Rebel Rulers: Insurgent Governance and Civilian Life During War. (Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press, 2011. (P. 25-47, Chapter 2) [In Canvas].

  2. Weinstein M., Jeremy. Inside Rebellion: The Politics of Insurgent Violence. Cambridge, NY: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007. (Pp. 163-197, chapter 5). [In Canvas].

  3. Lia, Brynjar. "Understanding Jihadi Proto-States." Perspectives on Terrorism 9, no. 4 (2015): 31-41.

  4. Lia, Brynjar. “The Jihādī Movement and Rebel Governance: A Reassertion of a Patriarchal Order?” Die Welt des Islams 57, no.3-4 (2017): 458-479.

  5. T?nnessen, Truls Hallberg. "The Group that Wanted to be a State: The ‘Rebel Governance’ of the Islamic State." In Islamists and the Politics of the Arab Uprisings: Governance, Pluralisation and Contention, edited by Hendrik Kraetzschmar and Paola Rivetti.  54-69. Edinburgh Univ. Press, 2018. [In Canvas].

  6. al-Tamimi, Aymenn. "The Evolution in Islamic State Administration: The Documentary Evidence." Perspectives on Terrorism 9, no. 4 (August 2015): 117-129.

  7. Milton, Daniel, et.al. "Newly Released ISIS Files: Learning from the Islamic State’s Long-Version Personnel Form." CTC Sentinel, 12, no. 9 (October 2019): 15-20.

  8. Aarseth, Mathilde Becker. “Resistance in the Caliphate's Classrooms: Mosul Civilians vs IS.” Middle East Policy 25, no. 1 (2018):  46- 63.

  9. M?rincean, Adrian. "Public Administration in the Territories Controlled by the Islamic State." ASTRA Salvensis 7, no. 13 (July 2019): 175-183.

  10. Revkin, Mara. “The Legal Foundations of the Islamic State.” (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution Press, 2016), 5-37.

  11. Revkin, Mara. “When Terrorists Govern: Protecting Civilians in Conflicts with State-Building Armed Groups.” Harvard National Security Journal, 9 (January 2018): 100-141.

  12. Revkin, Mara. “What Explains Taxation by Resource-Rich Rebels? Evidence from the Islamic State in Syria.” Journal of Politics (Published online February 4th, 2020).

  13. Oxnevad, Ian. "The caliphate’s gold: The Islamic State’s monetary policy and its implications." The Journal of the Middle East and Africa, 7, no. 2 (2016): 125-140.

  14. Ahram, Ariel I. "Sexual Violence, Competitive State Building, and Islamic State in Iraq and Syria." Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 13, no. 2 (2018): 180-192.

  15. Caris, Charles C. and Samuel Reynolds. “ISIS Governance in Syria.” (Washington D.C.: Institute for the Study of War, July 2014).

  16. Dukhan, Haian and Sinan Hawat. "The Islamic State and the Arab Tribes in Eastern Syria." In Caliphates and Islamic Global Politics, edited by Timothy Poirson and Robert Oprisko. 60-68. Bristol: E-International Relations, 2015.

  17. Khalaf, Rana. “Beyond Arms and Beards: Local Governance of ISIS in Syria.” In Caliphates and Islamic Global Politics, edited by Timothy Poirson and Robert Oprisko. 70-81. Bristol: E-International Relations, 2015.

  18. Heller, Samuel. "The Governance Strategy of Jabhat al-Nusra and Jabhat Fatah al-Sham." In How al-Qaeda Survived Drones, Uprisings, and the Islamic State, edited by Aaron Zelin. 40-43. Washington: WINEP, 2017.

  19. Al Dassouky, Ayman. "The Role of Jihadi Movements in Syrian Local Governance." Istanbul: Omran for Strategic Studies, 14 July 2017.

  20. Ali, Abdul Kadir Ali. “The security gap in Syria: individual and collective security in ‘rebel-held’ territories.” Stability: International Journal of Security & Development, 4, no. 1 (2015): ?1–20.

  21. Martínez, José Ciro and Brent Eng. "Stifling stateness: The Assad regime’s campaign against rebel governance." Security Dialogue, (Published Online 11 April  2018).

Making Sense of ISIS’ Extreme and Highly Mediatized Violence – Seminar no. 10.

  1. Walters, Barbara. "The Extremist’s Advantage in Civil Wars." International Security 42, no. 2 (Fall 2017): 7-39.
  2. Englund, Scott and Michael Stohl. "Violent Political Movements: Comparing the Shining Path to the Islamic State." Perspectives on Terrorism 10, no. 4 (2016): 19-29.
  3. Friis, Simone Molin. “‘Behead, Burn, Crucify, Crush’: Theorizing the Islamic State’s Public Displays of Violence.” European Journal of International Relations 24, no. 2 (June 2018): 243–67. 
  4. Euben, Roxanne L. "Spectacles of Sovereignty in Digital Time: ISIS Executions, Visual Rhetoric and Sovereign Power." Perspectives on Politics 15, no. 4 (December 2017): 1007-1033.

  5. Mello, Brian. "The Islamic State: Violence and Ideology in a Post-colonial Revolutionary Regime." International Political Sociology 12, no. 2 (June 2018): 139–155.

  6. Akil, Hatem N. "Cinematic Terrorism: Deleuze, ISIS and Delirium." Journal for Cultural Research 20, no. 4 (2016): 366-379.

  7. Koch, Ariel. “Jihadi Beheading Videos and their Non-Jihadi Echoes.” Perspectives on Terrorism 12, no. 3 (June 2018): 24-34.

  8. Flood, Finbar B. “Idol-Breaking as Image-Making in the ‘Islamic State’”. Religion and Society: Advances in Research 7 (2016): 116-126.

  9. Shahab, Sofya and Benjamin Isakhan, "The ritualization of heritage destruction under the Islamic State." Journal of Social Archeology (March 16, 2018).

From Words to Violence: Debates on the Role of ISIS' Ideology – Seminar no. 11.

  1. Schubiger, Livia Isabella, and Matthew Zelina. “Ideology in Armed Groups.” PS: Political Science & Politics 50, no. 4 (2017): 948–52.
  2. Huang, Reyko. "Religious Instrumentalism in Violent Conflict." Ethnopolitics (16 October 2019).
  3. Gunning, Jeroen. "Critical Reflections on the Relationship between Ideology and Behaviour." In Contextualising Jihadi Thought, edited by Jeevan Deol. 219-42. (London: Hurst, 2012). [In Canvas]
  4. Fadel, Mohammad. "Ideas, Ideology, and the Roots of the Islamic State." Critical Review 31, no. 1 (2019): 83-94.
  5. Hertog, Steffen. "Dangerous Ideas: The Force of Ideology and Personality in Driving Radicalization." Critical Review 31, no. 1 (2019): 95-101.
  6. Juergensmeyer, Mark. "Do Religious Ideas Cause Violence?" Critical Review 31, no. 1 (2019): 102-112.
  7. Owen, J. Judd. "Knowing and Not Knowing ISIS." Critical Review 31, no. 1 (2019): 113-122.
  8. Wood, Graeme. "ISIS and Ideology: Reply to Fadel, Hertog, Juergensmeyer, and Owen." Critical Review 31, no. 1 (2019): 123-134.
  9. McCants, William. The ISIS Apocalypse: The History, Strategy, and Doomsday Vision of the Islamic State. New York: St Martin's Press, 2016. (Pp. 121-144, chapter 6). [In Canvas].
  10. Hashim, Ahmed S. "The Islamic State’s Way of War in Iraq and Syria: From its Origins to the Post Caliphate Era." Perspectives on Terrorism 13, no. 1 (2019): 23-32.
  11. Kalyvas, Stathis N.. “Is ISIS a Revolutionary Group and if Yes, What Are the Implications?” Perspectives on Terrorism 9, no. 4 (2015): 42-47.
  12. Rich, Paul B. "How revolutionary are Jihadist insurgencies? The case of ISIL." Small Wars & Insurgencies 27, no. 5 (2016): 777-799.
  13. Hamming, Tore Refslund. "The Al Qaeda–Islamic State Rivalry: Competition Yes, but No Competitive Escalation." Terrorism and Political Violence (Published online: 11 July 2017).

Beyond Syria and Iraq: The Sinai Insurgency in Context – Seminar no. 12.

  1. Rubin, Barry. "Egypt's Civil War." In Barry Rubin (ed.) Conflict and Insurgency in the Contemporary Middle East. 83-101. London: Routledge. 2009. [In Canvas].

  2. Jenkins, J Craig et al. “Seedbeds of insurgency: Structure and dynamics in the Egyptian Islamist insurgency, 1986–99.” Journal of Peace Research 51, no. 4 (2014): 470-486.

  3. Ashour, Omar. "Sinai’s Insurgency: Implications of Enhanced Guerilla Warfare." Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 42, no. 6 (2019): 541-558.

  4. Drevon, Jerome. "Embracing Salafi Jihadism in Egypt and Mobilizing in the Syrian Jihad." Middle East Critique 25, no. 4 (2016): 321-339.

  5. Sabry, Mohannad. Sinai: Egypt’s Linchpin, Gaza’s Lifeline, Israel’s Nightmare. Cairo: The Maerican University in Cairo Press, 2015. (Pp. 125-177, chapter 6-7). [In Canvas]. 

  6. Ashour, Omar. "ISIS and Wilayat Sinai: Complex Networks of Insurgency under Authoritarian Rule". (DGAP kompakt, 15). Berlin: Forschungsinstitut der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ausw?rtige Politik e.V., (August 2016).

  7. Gold, Zack. "Violence in Egypt’s North Sinai: From Local Insurgency to Islamic State Province." The International Centre for Counter-Terrorism – The Hague 7, no. 3 (2016).

  8. Dentice, Giuseppe. "The Battle for Sinai: The Inside Story of Egypt’s Political Violence." AlJazeera Centre for Studies, April 2018.

  9. Schielke, Samuli. "There will be Blood: Expectation and Ethics of Violence during Egypt’s Stormy Season." Middle East Critique, 26, no. 3 (2017): 205-220.

ISIS and Jihadi insurgencies in Libya and the Sahel – Seminar no. 13.

  1. Beccaro, Andrea. "ISIS in Mosul and Sirte: Differences and Similarities." Mediterranean Politics 23, no. 3 (2018): 410-417.

  2. Collombier, Virginie. "Sirte’s Tribes under the Islamic State: From Civil War to Global Jihadism." In Tribes and Global Jihadism, edited by Virginie Collombier and Olivier Roy. 153-180. London: Hurst, 2017. [In Canvas].

  3. Smith, Rhiannon and Jason Pack. "Al-Qaida’s Strategy in Libya: Keep it Local, Stupid." Perspectives on Terrorism 11, no. 6 (December 2017): 190-199.

  4. Marsh, Nicholas. "Brothers Came Back with Weapons: The Effects of Arms Proliferation from Libya." PRISM 6, no. 4 (2017): 78-97.

  5. Pack, Jason; Rhiannon Smith and Karim Mezran. "The Origins and Evolution of ISIS in Libya". (Report; Atlantic Council, Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East, June 2017).

  6. Wilson, Lachland and Jason Pack. "The Islamic State's Revitalization in Libya and its Post-2016 War of Attrition." CTC Sentinel 12, no. 3 (March 2019): 22-31.

  7. Gr?trud, Henrik and Vidar Benjamin Skretting. "Ansar al-Sharia in Libya: An Enduring Threat." Perspectives on Terrorism 11, no. 1 (February 2017): 40-53.

  8. Harmon, Stephen A. Terror and Insurgency in the Sahara-Sahel Region: Corruption, Contraband, Jihad and the Mali War of 2012-2013. London & New York: Routledge, 2016. (Pp. 143-206, chapter 6 and 7). [In Canvas].

  9. B??s, Morten. "Crime, Coping, and Resistance in the Mali-Sahel Periphery." African Security 8, no. 4 (2015): 299-319.

  10. Benjaminsen, Tor A. and Boubacar Ba. "Why do pastoralists in Mali join jihadist groups? A political ecological explanation." The Journal of Peasant Studies 46, no. 1 (2019): 1-20.

  11. Raineri, Luca & Francesco Strazzari. "State, Secession, and Jihad: The Micropolitical Economy of Conflict in Northern Mali." African Security 8, no. 4 (2015): 249-271.

  12. Hansen, Stig Jarle. Horn, Sahel, and Rift: Fault-lines of the African Jihad. London: Hurst, 2019. (Chapter 4 and 5). [In Canvas].

  13. Keenan, Jeremy H. "The Sahara Emirate: AI Qaeda in the West, for the West?" Social Justice 37, no. 2/3 (2010-11): 27-46.

Al-Qaida and the Islamic State in the Yemeni Civil War - Seminar no. 14.

  1. Kendall, Elisabeth. "The Failing Islamic State within the Failed State of Yemen." Perspectives on Terrorism, 13, no. 1 (February 2019): 78-87.

  2. Kendall, Elizabeth. Contemporary Jihadi Militancy in Yemen (Washington D. C.: Middle East Institute, 2018).

  3. Siyech, Mohammed Sinan. “A Comparative Analysis of ‘Islamic State’ & Al Qaeda in Yemen.” Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses, 8, no. 8 (August 2016): 12-16.

  4. Bonnefoy, Laurent and et Judit Kuschnitizki. “Salafis and the ‘Arab Spring’ in Yemen: Progressive Politicization and Resilient Quietism.” Arabian Humanities 4 (April 2015).

  5. Bonnefoy, Laurent. “Jihadi violence in Yemen: dealing with local, regional and international contingencies.” In Contextualising Jihadi Thought, edited by Jeevan Deol. 243-58. (London: Hurst, 2012). [In Canvas]

  6. Brandt, Marieke. "The Global and the Local: Al-Qaeda and Yemen's Tribes." In Tribes and Global Jihadism, edited by Virginie Collombier and Olivier Roy. 105-140. London: Hurst, 2017. [In Canvas].

  7. Hudson, Leila; Colin S. Owens and David J.A. Callen. “Drone Warfare in Yemen: Fostering Emirates Through Counterterrorism?” Middle East Policy 19, no. 3 (Fall 2012): 142-156. 

  8. Swift, Christopher. "Arc of Convergence: AQAP, Ansar al-Shari`a and the Struggle for Yemen." CTC Sentinel 5, no 6 (June 2012): 1-6.

  9. al-Muslimi, Farea. “Al-Bayda’s Tribal Dynamics Continue to Elude US Counterterrorism Policy.” (Sana’a: Sana’a Centre for Strategic Studies, June 2019).

  10. International Crisis Group. “Yemen’s al-Qaeda: Expanding the Base.” (Brussels: ICG: Middle East Report no. 174, 2 February 2017).

  11. Jerrett, Martin and Mohammed al-Haddar. "Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula: From Global Insurgent to State Enforcer." Oslo: Hate Speech International, March 2017. 

  12. Edroos, Faisal and Saleh Al Batati. "After al-Qaeda: No signs of recovery in Yemen's Mukalla." Al-Jazeera, January 11, 2018.

  13. Moughty, Sarah. “Al-Qaeda in Yemen. Ghaith Abdul-Ahad’s Journey “Into Al Qaeda Heartland”.” PBS Documentary. (May 29, 2012).  

Published Nov. 14, 2019 1:45 PM - Last modified May 28, 2020 12:53 PM
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