The following is a recommended reading list - exact selection of background and reference literature depends on students' selection of topic for the semesteroppgave
Arab Media & Society, http://www.arabmediasociety.com.
sami ben gharbia: "The Internet Freedom Fallacy and the Arab Digital activism" in sami ben gharbia: An e-book and a Blog about digital activism, online free speech and Tunisia, 17 Sep. 2010. Fulltext.
Adi Kuntsman & Rebecca L. Stein: "Another War Zone: Social Media in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict" in Middle East Report Online, Sep. 2010. MERIP. Fulltext.
David Faris: "(Amplified) Voices for the Voiceless" in Arab Media & Society, 11/ [1 Aug.] 2010. ISBN:?1687-7721. Fulltext.
Ingrid Wassmann: "Cyber infidelity in Egypt’s virtual world" in Arab Media & Society, 10/ [29 Mar.] 2010. ISBN:?1687-7721. Fulltext.
One Social Network With A Rebellious Message: Internet in the Arab World, 10 Mar 2010. Arab Network for Human Rights Information (ANHRI). Fulltext.
Carrington Malin: Middle East & North Africa Twitter Demographics & User Habits Survey, August 2009. Spot OnPublic Relations. Summary. Fulltext.
OpenNet Initiative: Internet filtering in the Middle East and North Africa, [12 Aug] 2009. Press release. Fulltext.
Brian Ulrich: "Historicizing Arab blogs: Reflections on the transmission of ideas and information in Middle Eastern history" in Arab Media & Society, 8/2009. ISBN:?1687-7721. Fulltext.
Bruce Etling, John Kelly, Robert Faris & John Palfrey: Mapping the Arabic Blogosphere: Politics, Culture, and Dissent, 6/2009. Berkman Center for Internet and Society. Omtale. Fulltext.
Aziz Douai: "Offline Politics in the Arab Blogosphere: Trends and Prospects in Morocco" in Adrienne Russell & Nabil Echchaibi: International Blogging: Identity, Politics, and Networked Publics, 2009. Peter Lang. ISBN:?978-1-4331-0234-9. Blurb.
Eugenia Siapera: "Theorizing the Muslim Blogosphere: Blogs, Rationality, Publicness, and Individuality" in Adrienne Russell & Nabil Echchaibi: International Blogging: Identity, Politics, and Networked Publics, 2009. Peter Lang. ISBN:?978-1-4331-0234-9. Blurb.
Gary Bunt: iMuslims: Rewiring the House of Islam, 2009. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN:?978-0-8078-5966-7. see Amazon.
Wayne Hunt: "Baghdad Burning: The blogosphere, literature and the art of war" in Arab Media & Society, 1 Feb 2009. ISBN:?1687-7721. Fulltext.
[Marc Lynch]: "A history of blogging in the Middle East" in Darren Krape: Feb 2009. Fulltext.
Matthias Brückner & Johanna Pink (ed.): Von Chatraum bis Cyberjihad: Muslimische Internetnutzung in lokaler und globaler Perspektive, 2009. Ergon. ISBN:?978-3-89913-632-6. Blurb, table of content & full text search via search from publisher's home page.
David Faris: "Revolutions Without Revolutionaries? Network Theory, Facebook, and the Egyptian Blogosphere" in Arab Media & Society, Fall 2008. ISBN:?1687-7721. Fulltext.
Rasha A. Abdulla: "Arabic Language Use and Content on the Internet" in Hala Essalmawi (ed.): Bibliotheca Alexandria Access to Knowledge Toolkit (A2k), Sep. 2008. p. 112-130. Fulltext.
Ines Braune: Aneignungen des Globalen. Internet-Alltag in der arabischen Welt. Eine Fallstudie in Marokko, 2008. transcript Verlag. ISBN:?978-3-89942-971-8. Blurb & Introduction.
IDSC Poll Center: ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????, Sep. 2008. Information and Decision Support Center. Download page. Fulltext.
Tom Isherwood: "A new direction or more of the same? Political blogging in Egypt" in Arab Media & Society, 9/2008. ISBN:?1687-7721. Fulltext.
Pete Ajemian: "The Islamist opposition online in Egypt and Jordan" in Arab Media & Society, Winter 2008. ISBN:?1687-7721. Fulltext.
????? ??? ?????? .... ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ???????, 3 June 2008. Arabic Network for Human Rights Information (ANHRI). Blurb.
Yasmine El Rafie: "Bloggare utmanar den klassiska arabiskan" in Spr?ktidningen, 3/2008. Fulltext.
???????? ???????: ???? ??????? ????, 2008. IDSC. ISBN:?1687-6385. Omtale. Fulltext.
Daniel Kimmage: The al-Qaeda media nexus: The virtual network behind the global message, 2008. Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty. Fulltext.
Marc Lynch: "Young Brothers in Cyberspace" in Middle East Report, Winter 2007. Fulltext.
????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???: ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????, 3 Oct. 2007. Arab Network for Human Rights Information (ANHRI). Blurb.
Marc Lynch: "Blogging the new Arab public" in Arab Media & Society, Spring 2007. ISBN:?1687-7721. Fulltext.
Rania Al Malky: "Blogging for reform: the case of Egypt" in Arab Media & Society, 1 (Feb. 2007). ISBN:?1687-7721. Fulltext.
Albrecht Hofheinz: "Arab Internet use: popular trends and public impact" in Naomi Sakr: Arab Media and Political Renewal: Community, Legitimacy and Public Life, 2007. I.B.Tauris. ISBN:?978-1845113278. s. 56-78 & 178-184. See Amazon page.
Mohammed Ibahrine: New Media and Neo-Islamism: New Media's Impact on the Political Culture in the Islamic World, 2007. VDM Verlag Dr. Mueller. ISBN:?978-3836416559. See Amazon page. Fulltext.
Rasha A. Abdulla: The Internet in the Arab World: Egypt and Beyond, 2007. Peter Lang. ISBN:?978-0820486734. See Amazon.
Florian Harms: Cyberda'wa. Islamische Mission im Internet: Voraussetzungen, Analyse und Vergleich von da'wa-Sites im World Wide Web, 2007. Shaker. ISBN:?978-3-8322-6243-3.
Gabriel Weimann: Terror on the Internet: the new arena, the new challenge, 2006. United States Institute of Peace. ISBN:?978-1-929223-71-8. Google Books limited preview.
???? ????????: "???????? ?????? : ????? ???? ?????? ????" in ?????, 14 Jan 2006. Fulltext.
Yochai Benkler: The Wealth of Networks - How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom, 2006. Yale University Press. ISBN:?9780300110562. Wiki of the book. Fulltext.
Deborah L. Wheeler: The Internet in the Middle East: Global expectations and local imaginations in Kuwait, 2006. Albany, NY, State University of New York Press. ISBN:?0791465861. See Amazon page.
Elijah Zarwan: False Freedom: Online Censorship in the Middle Eastand North Africa, Nov. 2005. Human Rights Watch. HTML version. Fulltext.
Albrecht Hofheinz: "The Internet in the Arab world: Playground for political liberalisation", 2005. International Politics and Society. 3, s. 78-96.
Layla al-Zubaidi: Walking a Tightrope: News Media & Freedom of Expression in the Arab Middle East, 2004. Heinrich B?ll Foundation, Middle East Office.
Albrecht Hofheinz: "Das Internet und sein Beitrag zum Wertewandel in arabischen Gesellschaften" in Sigrid Faath (ed.): Politische und gesellschaftliche Debatten in Nordafrika, Nah- und Mittelost, 2004. Deutsches Orient-Institut. ISBN:?3-89173-086-1. p. 449-472. Zusammenfassungen der 5 Hauptteile des Sammelbandes. Fulltext.
Albrecht Hofheinz: Internet-Nutzung und Internetumfragen in Nordafrika, Nah- und Mittelost, 2004. Hamburg, Deutsches Orient-Institut. Erg?nzung zu Hofheinz, "Das Internet und sein Beitrag...". Fulltext.
W. Sean McLaughlin: "The use of the Internet for political action by non-state dissident actors in the Middle East" in First Monday, vol. 8 nr. 11 (Nov. 2003). Fulltext.
Gary R. Bunt: Islam in the digital age: e-jihad, online fatwas and Cyber-Islamic Environments, 2003. London, Pluto Press. ISBN:?0-7453-2099-6 ib.0-7453-2098-8 h. 237 s.
Jon W. Anderson: "New media, new publics: reconfiguring the public sphere of Islam" in Social Research, 70/3 (Fall 2003). p. 887-906.
Dale F. Eickelman & John W. Anderson (eds): New media in the Muslim world: the emerging public sphere, 2003. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN:?0-253-34252-x ib.0-253-21605-2 h. 2nd edn.
Barry M. Leiner, Vinton G. Cerf, David D. Clark, Robert E. Kahn, Leonard Kleinrock, Daniel C. Lynch, Jon Postel, Larry G. Roberts, Stephen Wolff: A Brief History of the Internet, last revised 10 Dec 2003. Internet Society. Written by the Internet’s creators. Fulltext.
Michael Dahan: "Between a Rock and a Hard Place: The Changing Public Sphere of Palestinian Israelis" in Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, Jan. 2003. Annenberg School for Communication, University of Southern California. ISBN:?1083-6101. Fulltext.
James Piecowye: "Habitus in Transition? CMC use and impacts among young women in the United Arab Emirates" in Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, Jan. 2003. Annenberg School for Communication, University of Southern California. ISBN:?1083-6101. Fulltext.
Olivier Roy: Globalized Islam: The Search for a New Ummah, 2004. Hurst. ISBN:?1-85065-598-7. orig. French: L'islam mondialisé, Paris: Seuil, 2002. See Amazon page.
Grey E. Burkhart & Susan Older: The Information Revolution in the Middle East and North Africa, 2003. RAND’s National Defense Research Institute. ISBN:?0-8330-3323-9. Fulltext.
Marcus Franda: Launching into cyberspace: Internet development in five world regions, 2002. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner. ISBN:?1-58826-012-7 ib.1-58826-037-2 h. Chapters 1-3.
????? ???? ???????: "??????? ?????? ?? ???????? : ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????" in ?????? : ???? ????? ???????, 7/2000. ISBN:?0261-0876. p. 21-26. Fulltext.
Daniel Miller & Don Slater: The Internet: An Ethnographic Approach, 2000. Berg. ISBN:?9781859733899. Amazon page.
Eric Goldstein: The Internet in the Mideast and North Africa: free expression and censorship, 1999. New York, Human Rights Watch. ISBN:?1-56432-235-1. Downloadable HTML version. Fulltext.
Jon B. Alterman: New media, new politics? From satellite television to the Internet in the Arab world, 1998. Washington, DC: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. ISBN:?0944029280. 80 p.
Jan Svennevig: Spr?klig samhandling: innf?ring i kommunikasjonsteori og diskursanalyse, 2., rev. utg. 2009. Cappelen. ISBN:?9788202296889.
Arne N?ss: En del element?re logiske elementer, 1975. Universitetsforlag. ISBN:?82-00-01383-9.