Kausalitet og emergens Kurset vil fokusere p? to sentrale temaer i vitenskapsfilosofi, og p? sammenhengen mellom disse. Vi vil se n?rmere p? moderne filosofiske syn p? kausalitet, med et kritisk blikk p? hva filosofien kan bidra med n?r det gjelder ? forst? kausalitet. Vi vil ogs? se n?rmere p? begrepet om emergens og forskjellige forst?elser av dette. N?r det gjelder sammenhengen mellom emergens og kausalitet vil vi se p? ideene om nedad kausalitet (downward causation) og h?yere niv?s kausalitet.
Pensum
Bedau, Mark (1997) “Weak Emergence” Philosophical perspectives 11: Mind , Causation, and World. Blackwell, pp 375-399.
Chalmers, David (2006) “Strong and weak emergence” in The Re-emergence of Emergence, edited by Clayton and Davies, Oxford University Press.
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Craver, Carl (2007) Explaining the Brain: Mechanisms and the Mosaic Unity of Neuroscience, Clarendon Press. Kapittel 5, ca 33 sider.
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Mackie, J.L. (1980) The Cement of the Universe: A Study of Causation, Clarendon Press. Vi leser kapittel 3, ca 29 sider.
Machamer, Peter, Lindley Darden, and Carl Craver (2000) “Thinking about mechanisms” Philosophy of science, Vol.67, No.1, pp 1-25.
McLaughlin, Brian P. (1992) “The rise and fall of British emergentism” in Emergence or Reduction: Essays on the Prospects of Non-Reductive Physicalism, edited by Beckerman, Flohr, and Kim. De Gruyter.
Menzies, Peter (2004) "Difference-Making in Context", in J. Collins, N. Hall, and L. Paul (eds.), Counterfactuals and Causation, MIT Press, pp. 139-80. Ca 21 sider.
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Nagel, Ernest (1979) The Structure of Science: Problems in the Logic of Scientific Explanation, Hackett. Kapittel 11, ca 62 sider.
Sosa, Ernest & Michael Tooley (eds.) (1993) Causation, Oxford University Press. Vi leser introduksjonen, som er en oversikt over diskusjonen anno 1993, ca 32 sider.
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Woodward, James (2010) “Causation in biology” Biology and Philosophy 25: 287-318.