Sacred Places: Compendium
Bagge, Sverre: Making a Historical Culyure. Historiography in Norway, 1995. Oslo. Edited by William H. Hubbard et al., Chapter 4: "The Middle Ages", pp. 111-131. (In: NORDIC MEDIEVAL CULTURE master: Compendium 1: Introductory Reading: The Church pp.1-23).
Engen, John Van: The American Historical Review 91 (No. 3), 1986. Washington DC. "The Christian Middle Ages", pp. 519-552. (In: NORDIC MEDIEVAL CULTURE Master: Compendium 1: Introductory reading: The Church pp.27-60).
Ross, Margaret Clunies: Prolonged Echoes: Old Norse Myths in Medieval Northern Society, Vol.1: The Myths, 1994. Odense University Press. "How to do Things with Old Norse Myths: on Method and Sources", pp.11-41. (In: NORDIC VIKING CULTURE Master: Compendium 1: Introduction. Power. Migration. pp3-33).
Little, Lester K. and Barbara Rosenwein (Eds): Debating the Middle Ages. Issues and Readings, 1998. Oxford Blackwell. Jean-Claude Schmitt`s "Religion, Folklore and Societyin the Medieval West", pp.376-387. (In: NORDIC MEDIEVAL CULTURE Master: Compendium 1: Introductory reading: The Church pp.61-74).
Landnamabok, The Book of settlement, translated with introduction and notes by Hermann Palsson and Paul Edwards, 1972. University of Manitoba Press. Chapter 1-41, pp.15-32. (In: NORDIC VIKING CULTURE Master: Compendium 1: Introduction. Power. Migration. pp.169-188).
The Gulating law. The earliest Norwegian laws, being the Gulathinglaw and the Frostathing law, translated from the Old Norwegian by Lawrence M. Larson, New York 1935. "The Church Law", pp 35-61. (In: NORDIC VIKING CULTUREMaster: Compendium 4: Burial Customs Edda Change of Religion pp. 183-211).
Snorri Sturluson: Heimskringla: History of the kings of Norway, translated by Lee Hollander. University of Texas Press, 1999. "H?kon den godes saga" ("The Saga of H?kon the Good"), pp.13-18; "Olav Tryggvasons Saga" ( "The Saga of Olaf Tryggvason"), ch. 58-73; "Olav den helliges saga" ("Saint Olaf`s saga"), ch. 111-113. (In: NORDIC VIKING CULTURE Master: Compendium 4: Burial Customs Edda Change of Religions pp.213-240).
Turville-Peter, Gabriel: Nine Norse Studies, 1972. University College London. From the Norwegian Homily Book "The Old Norse Homily on the Dedication", pp.79-101. (In: NORDIC MEDIEVAL CULTURE Master: Compendium 1: Introductory Reading: The Church pp.75-99).
Bekker-Nielsen, Hans: Festschrift fur Konstantin Reichhardt, 1969. Bern/Munchen. "The Old Norse Dedication Homily", pp.127-134. (In: NORDIC MEDIEVAL CULTURE Master: Compendium 1: Introductory Reading: The Church pp.209-218).
Bonde, Niels: Archaeological Science 1995: proceedings of aconference on the application of scientific techniques to the study of archaeology, edited by A. Sinclair et al., 1997. London. "Dendrological dating of the Viking Age ship burials at Oseberg, Gokstad and Tune, Norway" pp.195-200. (In: NORDIC VIKING CULTURE Master: Compendium 4: Burial Customs Edda Change of religions pp.1-8).
Fuglesang, Signe Horn: Proceedings of the Eight Viking Congress, (Medieval Scandinavian Supplements 2), 1981b. "Crucifixion iconography in the Viking Scandinavia", pp.73-94. (In: NORDIC VIKING CULTURE Master: Compendium 4: Burial Customs Edda Change of Religions pp. 257-280 ).
Fuglesang, Signe Horn: Runeinschriften als Quellen interdisziplinarer Forschung, edited by K. Duwel, 1998. Berlin/ New York. "Swedish runestones of the eleventh century: ornament and dating", pp.197-218. (In: NORDIC VIKING CULTURE Master: Compendium 4: BUrial Customs Edda Change of Religions pp.281-304).
Gr?slund, Anne-Sofie: Proceedings of the Tenth Viking Congress, Larkollen, Norway 1985, edited by J. Knirk, 1987. Universitetets Oldsaksamlings Skrifter, Ny rekke nr. 9. "Pagan and Christian in the age of Conversion", pp.81-94. (In: NORDIC VIKING CULTURE Master: Compendium 4: Burial Customs Edda Change of Religion pp.305-320).
Gr?slund, Anne-Sofie: Birka IV. The burial customs, 1980. Stockholm. Chapter 6-9, pp.72-86. (In: NORDIC VIKING CULTURE Master: Compendium 4:Burial Customs Edda Change of religion pp.9-25).
Ingstad, Anne Stine: The ship as a symbol in prehistoric and medieval Scandinavia, edited by Ole Crumlin-Pedersen & Birgitte MUnch Thye, 1995. K?benhavn, Publications from the National Museum, Studies in Archaeology & History Vol. I. "The Interpretation of the Oseberg find", pp. 139-147. (In: NORDIC VIKING CULTURE Master: Compendium 4: Burial Custom Edda Change of Religion pp. 27-37).
Keller, Christian: Acta Archaeologica Vol. 61, 1991. "Vikings in the West Atlantic: a model of Norse Greenlandic medieval society", pp. 126-141 (In: NORDIC VIKING CULTURE Master: compendium 1: Introduction. Power. Migration. pp 215-232).
Myhre, B.: The age of Sutton Hoo, edited by M. Carver, 1992. Woodbridge. "The royal cemetry at Borre, Vestfold. A Norwegian Center in a European periphery", pp.301-313. (In NORDIC VIKING CULTURE Master: Compendium 4: Burial Customs, Edda, Change of Religion, pp. 39-53).
Muller-Wille, Michael: Koningsgrab und Koningsgrabkirche. Funde und Befunde im fuhgeschichtlichen und mittelalterlichen Nordeuropa, 1982. Bericht der Romisch-Germanischen Kommission, 63, Mainz am Rhein. pp. 349-412. (English translation: "Royal graves and chirches with royal graves. Finds and discoveries from early historical and medieval northern Europe"); ( In: NORDIC VIKING CULTURE Master: Compendium 5: Viking Mentality: Translated Papers pp. 79-146).
Muller-Wille, Michael: The ship as symbol in prehistoric and medieval Scandinavia, edited by Ole Crumlin-Pedersen & Birgitte Munch Thye, 1995. K?benhavn, Publications from the National Museum, Studies in Archaeology & History Vol. 1. "Boat graves, old and new views" pp.101-109. (In: NORDIC VIKING CULTURE Master: Compendium 4: Burial Customs, Edda, Change of Religion, pp. 55-65).
Nasman, Ulf: Myte og ritual i det f?rkristne Norden, redigert av Jens Peter Schj?dt et al., 1994. Odense. "Liv och d?d. Sydskandinaviska grav- och offerriter fran 200 till 1000 e. Kr.", pp. 73-94. (English translation: "Life and death: Southern Scandinavian burial and offering rites from 200 to 1000 AD"); (In: NORDIC VIKING CULTURE Master: Compendium 5: Viking Mentality: Translated Papers pp. 147-172).
Roesdahl, Else: Viking Revalations, Viking Society Centenary Symposium 14-15 May 1992, 1993. Viking Society for northern research, University College London. "Pagan beliefs, Christian impact and archaeology - a Danish view", pp. 128-136. (In: NORDIC VIKING CULTURE Master: Compendium 4: Burial Customs Edda Change of Religion, pp. 339-349).
Roesdal, Else: Voyage to the other world. The Legacy of Sutton Hoo, edited by C.B. Kendall and P. S. Wells, 1992. Minneapolis. "Princely burial in Scandinavia at the time of the conversion", pp. 155-170. (In NORDIC VIKING CULTURE Master: Compendium 4: BurialCustoms, Edda, Change of Religion, pp. 67-84).
Steinsland, Gro: Collegium Medievale , Vol. 3, 1990/2, 1990. "The change of religion in the Nordic countries - a confrontation between two living religions", pp. 123-136 (In: NORDIC VIKING CULTURE Master: Compendium 4: Burial Customs, Edda, Change of Religion pp. 351-365).
Steinsland, Gro: Collegium Medievale, Vol. 3, 1990/1, 1990. "Antropologiske og eskatologiske ideer i f?rkristen nordisk religion", pp. 59-72. (English translation: "Anthropological and eschatological ideas in Pre-Christian Norse Religion"); (In: NORDIC VIKING CULTURE Master: Compendium 5 : Viking Mentality: Translated Papers pp. 191 - 208).
Steinsland, Gro: Old Norse and Finnish religions and cultic place names, edited by Tore Ahlback, 1990. ?bo. "Pagan myth in confrontation with Christianity: Skírnismál and Genesis", pp. 316-328. (In: NORDIC VIKING CULTURE Master: Compendium 4: Burial Customs, Edda, Change of religion, pp. 167-181).
Vésteinsson, Orri: Saga Book of the Viking Society, vol. 25 (1998). "Patterns of settlement in Iceland: a study in prehistory", pp. 1-29. (In. NORDIC VIKING CULTURE Master: Compendium 1: Introduction, Power, Migration, pp 233-263).
RECOMMENDED LITERATURE
Background and methodological problems
Blair, John (ed.): Ministers and Parish Churches. The Local Church in Transition. 950-1200, (Oxford University Commitee for Aechaeology. Monograph No. 17), 1988. Oxford.
Bossy, John: Past & Present. Vol. 100, 1983. "Tha Mass as a Social Institution. 1200-1700", p. 29-61.
Brooks, Nicholas: Communities and Wrfare 700-1400, 2000. London and Rio Grande. "England in the Ninth Century: The Crucible of defeat".
Brown, Peter: The rise of Western Christendom, 2nd edition, 2002. Oxford. "Introduction", pp. 1-34; "In gear dagum, `In days of Yore`: Northern Christendom and its Past", pp.463-488.
Carver, Martin (ed.): The Cross Goes North: Processes of Conversion in Northern Europe, AD 300-1300, 2003. York. Especially: Urbanczyk, P: "The Politics of Conversion of North Central Europe", pp. 15-28; Pluskowski, A. and Patrick, Ph. "How do you pray to God? Fragmentation and Variety in Early Medieval Christianity", pp. 29-57 (with bibliography); "Part IV: From the Alps to the Baltic" pp. 413-579.
Cavill, Paul: Vikings. Fear and Faith, 2001. London.
Byock, J. L.: Medieval Iceland. Society, Sagas and Power, 1988. Berkeley.
Colvin, Howard: Architecture and the After- Life, 1991. New Haven and London.
Davidson, Linda Kay and Maryjane Dunn-Wood: Pilgrimage in the Middle Ages. A Research Guide, 1993. New York and London.
Dubois, Thomas A.: Nordic Religions in the Viking Age, 1999. Philadelphia.
Ahlb?ck, Thore (ed.): Old Norse and Finnish religions and Cultic Place-names, 1990. Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis XIII, Stockholm and ?bo. Especially: Edsman, Carl-Martin "Opening address in the symposium on encounters between religions in Old Nordic Times and on Cultic Place-names, arranged by the Donner Institutre 19-21 August 1987", pp.9-34; Gislason, Jónas, "Acceptance of Christianity in Iceland in the year 1000", pp. 223-255; Finnestad, Ragnhild B. "The Study of the christianization of the Nordic Countries. Some Reflections", pp.256-272; Holmberg, Bente: "Views on Cultic Place-names in Denmark. A Review of Research", pp.381-393.
Effros, B: Early Medieval Europe 6, 1997. "Beyond cemetry walls: early medieval funerary topography and Christian salvation", pp. 1-23.
Fletcher, Richard: The Conversion of Europe. From Paganism to Christianity 371-1386 AD, 1998. London. Esp. Chapter 11: "Scandinavians abroad and at home", pp. 369-416.
France, James: The Cistercians in Scandinavia, 1992. Cistercian Studies Series: 131. Kalamazoo, Mich.
Geary, Patrick J.: The social life of things. Commodities in cultural perspective, edited by Arjun Appadurai, 1986. Cambridge. "Sacred commodities: The circulation of medieval relics", pp. 169-191.
Graham-Campbell, James (ed.): Cultural Atlas of the Viking World, 1994. Andromeda Oxford. "The Vikings Overseas", pp. 122-198.
Gurevich, Aron: Journal of Medieval History 9/83, 1983. "Popular and scholarly medieval cultural traditions: notes in the margin of Jack le Goff`s book", pp.71-90.
Helander, Sven: The Liturgy of the Medieval Church, edited by Th. Heffernan and E. Ann Matters, 2001. Kalamazoo, Michigan: Western Michigan University. "The Liturgical Profile of the Parish Church in Medieval Sweden", pp.145-186.
Helle, Knut: Norway: A History from the Vikings to Our Own Times, edited by Rolf Danielsen et al.. Bergen. "Part I - Down to 1536", 1-119.
Howe, John M.: The Creation of a Christian Landscape. Varieties of Religious Conversion in the Middle Ages, edited by James Muldoon. University Press of Florida. "The conversion of the Physical world", pp. 63-78.
Iversen, G.: The Divine Office in the Latin Middle Ages, edited by M. E. Fassler and R. A. Baltzer, 2000. Oxford University Press. "Transforming a Viking into a Saint: The Divine Office of St. Olav", pp. 401 ff..
Jensenius, J?rgen H., "Research in Medieval, Norwegian Wooden Churches. Relevance of Available Sources". In : Proceedings of the Nordic Research Symposium Architecture and Materials, edited by M?ntysalo, R. & Nyman, K., pp.8-41. Oulo 2001 (NTNU: Institute for Architectural History).
Jóhannesson, Jón: A History of the Icelandic Commonwealth, translated by Haraldur Bessason. Winnipeg, 1974.
Jolly, Karen Louise: Popular religion in Late Saxon England: Elf Charms in Context, 1996. Chapel Hill & London. Especially chapters 1-3.
Lawrence, Clifford Hugh: Medieval Monasticism. Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages, 1989. 2nd edition, London and New York.
Le Goff, Jacques: Medieval Civilization, 1999. Oxford (1988).
Lynch, Joseph H.: The medieval church. A brief history, 1992. London & New York.
Miller, W. I.: Bloodtaking and Peacemaking. Feud, Law, and Society in Saga Iceland., 1990. Chicago.
Reynolds, R. E. "Mass, Liturgy of the". In: Dictionary of the Middle Ages, edited by J. Strayer, vol. 8, pp. 181-197, 1987. New York: Charles Scribner`s Sons.
Roesdahl, E. and Wilson, D. M. (edit.): From Viking to Crusader. Scandinavia and Europe 800-1200, 1992.
Sawyer, Peter: "The Process of Scandinavian Christianization in the tenth and eleventh centuries". In: The Christianization of Scandinavia, edited by B. Sawyer, P. Sawyer & Ian Wood, 1987. Alings?s. (pp. 68-87).
Sawyer, Peter: "Dioceses and Parishes in Twelfth-Century Scandinavia". In: St. Magnus Cathedral and Orkney`s Twelfth-Century Renaissance, edited by Barbara E. Crawford, 1988. Aberdeen. (pp. 26-45).
Sawyer, Peter (ed.): The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings, 1997. Oxford.
Sawyer, Birgit and Peter: Medieval Scandinacia. From Converison to reformation, circa 800-1500, 1993. Minneapolis, London.
Solli, Brit: "Narratives of Ve?y. An investigation in the poetics and Scientifics of Archaeology": Universitetets Oldsaksamlings Skrifter, Ny rekke, nr. 19, 1996. Oslo.
Stefansson, M.: "Church Organization and Function: Norway". In: Medieva Scandinavia. An Encyclopedia, edited by Ph. Pulsiano et al., 1993. New York & London. (pp.88-92).
Stytz, Ulrich: "The Proprietary Church as an Element of Medieval Germanic Ecclesiastical Law". In: Medieval Germany. 911-1250. Essays by German Historians, Translated with an introduction by Geoffrey Barraclough. Volum II. Essays. Fourth impression, 1967. Oxford (1938). (pp.35-70).
S?rensen, John K.: "The Change of Religion and the Names". In: Old Norse and Finnish Religions and Cultic Place-Names, edited by Thore Ahlback, 1990. Scripta Instituta Donneriani Aboensis XIII. Stockholm and ?bo. (pp. 394-403).
Trigger, Bruce G.: A History of Archaeological Thought, 1989. Cambridge. (chapter 8 "Neoevolution and the New Archaeology"; chapter 9 "The explanation of Diversity", pp.289-369 ).
Wood, Ian: "Christians and pagans in ninth-century Scandinavia". In: The Christianization of Scandinavia, edited by Birgit and Peter Sawyer & Ian Wood, 1987. Alings?s. (pp. 36-67).
Wood, Michael: "The making of king Aethelstan`s Empire: an English Charlemagne?" In: Ideal and Relity in Frankish and Anglo-Saxon Society, edited by Patrick Wormald, pp.250-272, 1983. Oxford.
Sources
Two voyages at the court of King Alfred, edited by N. Lund and translated by C. Fell, 1984. York. (also in: M. Swanton (ed.), Anglo-Saxon Prose. Lindon (1993) 1996.).
The Poetic Edda, translated by Carolyne Larrington, 1996. Oxford University Press. Hávamál ("Sayings of the High One"), str. 1-77; Voluspá ("The Seeress`s Prophecy"); Skirnismál ("Skirnir`s Journey"); One heroic poem from the cycle of Sigurd F?vnesbane: Fáfnismál ("The lay of Fáfnir").
Snorri Sturluson: Edda, translated and edited by Anthony Faulkes, 1998. London. Prologue (pp.1-6), Gylfaginning (pp. 7-58).
Volsunga saga. The Saga of the Volsungs, introduction and translation by Jesse L. Byock, 1990. University of California Press.
The "Kuli" stone,
Jelling II,
The "Fr?s?" stone,
Secondary Literature
Abou-El-Haj, Barbara: The Medieval Cult of Saints: Formations and Transformations, 1997. Cambridge University Press. Part I: "Historical Formations of the Cult of Saints", pp.5-60.
Andersson, Aron: The Art of Scandinavia, vol.2, 1970. London. "St Olaf`s sanctuary at Trondheim and the earliest stone architecture in Norway", pp.149-167; "The architecture of the religious orders", pp.175-232.
Andrén, Anders, Doors to other worlds: Scandinavian Death Rituals in Gothlandic perspectives. In: Journal of European Archaeology, 1 (1993). pp. 33-55.
Anker, Peter: The art of Scandinavia, vol.1, 1970. "The stave churches", pp.201-244 (Urnes, Borgund, Hopperstad), "The origin and development of the Norwegian stave churches, and their sculpted portals", pp.376-447.
Bell, Catherine: Ritual Theory - Ritual Practice, 1992. Oxford.
Blindheim, Martin: Painted wooden sculpture in Norway, c.1100-1250, 1998. Oslo. "Preface", p.7; "INtroductory Discussion", pp.11-16; "The techniques used by artisians", pp.17-24.
Brendalsmo, Jan A., The Christianization of Vestfold, Norway. In: Medieval Europe 1992. Religion and Belief. Pre-printed Papers, Volume 6, 1992. York. pp.133-141.
Brendalsmo, Jan A., The Landscape of the Dead. was burial in the parish churchyard obligotary in the Middle Ages? In: NIKU 1994-1999. Kulturminneforskningens mangfold, NIKU temahefte 31, redigert av Grete Gundhus, Elisabeth Seip & Eli Ulriksen, 1999. Oslo. pp.53-60.
Brink, Stefan: Cult Sites in Northern Sweden. In: Old Norse and Finnish religions and Cultic Place-names, edited by THore Ahlback, 1990. Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis XIII, Stockholm and ?bo. pp.458-489.
Brooks, Nicholas: European Medieval Bridges: A Window onto Changing Concepts of State Powers. In: Communities and Warfare 700-1400, 2000. London and Rio Grande.
Byock, J.L.: Medieval Iceland. Society, Sagas and Power, 1988. Berkeley.
Ellmers, Detlev: Valhall and the Gotland Stones. In: The ship as symbol in prehistoric and medieval Scandinavia, edited by Ole-Crumlin Pedersen & Birgitte Munch Thye, 1995. K?benhavn (Publications from the National Museum, Studies in Archaeology & History Vol. 1). pp.165-171.
Hohler, Erla Bergendahl: Norwegian stave church sculpture, Vol. 2, 1999. Oslo. Chapter 2: "Understanding stave church decoration", pp.9-25; Chapter 5: "The Production", pp. 39-53.
Jóhannesson, Jón: A History of the Old Icelandic Commonwealth, translated by Haraldyr Bessason, 1974. Winnipeg.
Krogh, Knud J.: The Royal Viking-Age Monument at Jeling in the Light of Recent Archaeological Excavations: Acta Archaeologica, 53/82 , 1983. pp.183-216.
Lidén, Hans-Emil: From Pagan Sanctuary to Christian Church. The Excavation of M?re CHurch in Tr?ndelag: Norwegian Archaeological Review, 1969 (2). pp.3-21, 27-32.
Mazo, Jefferey Alan: Sacred knowledge, kingship, and Christianity: Myth and cultural change in medieval Scandinavia: The Sixth International Saga Conference 28.7 - 2.8. 1985 Workshop Papers I, 1985. pp.751-762.
Miller, W. I.: Bloodtaking and Peacemaking. Feud, Law, and Society on Saga Iceland, 1990. Chicago.
Nilsson, Bertil (ed.), Kontinuitet i kult och tro fr?n vikingtid till medeltid: Prosjektet Sveriges Kristnande. Publikationer I, 1992. Uppsala. (Four essays on the problem of cult continuity, with summaries in English).
Malmanger, M., L. Berczelly, S. H. Fuglesang: Norwegian Medieval Altar Frontals and Related Material, 1995. Rome, Acta ad archaeologiam et artium historiam pertinentia, XI. (Blindheim, Martin "Norwegian Painted altar frontals from the Middle Ages as objects of research", pp. 1-7; Morgan, Nigel " Western Norwegian panel painting 1250-1350: problems of dating, styles and workshops", pp.8-23; Fuglesang, Signe Horne "Norwegian frontals with tituli: Nedstryn and Kinsarvik", pp.25-30).
N?ss, Jenny-Rita: The Significance of Orientation Elements in Iron Age Burial Customs at Voss: A Tentative Interpretation: Norwegian Archaeological Review, 1970 (3). pp.73-83.
Rindal, Magnus and Berg, Knut: Introduction. In: King Magnus H?konssons`s laws of Norway and other legal texts, 1983. Oslo. pp. 9-20, 26-35.
Sigurdsson, Jón Vidar: Chieftains and Power in the Icelandic Commonwealth, translated by Jean Lundsk?r-Nielsen, 1999. Odense.
General Reference Works
Dictionary of the Middle Ages, edited by J. Strayer, 1987. New York: Charles Scribner`s Sons.
Kulturhistorisk leksikon for nordisk middelalder, 1956-78 (2. oppl., 1981). K?benhavn.
Lexicon des Mittelalters, 1999. Lachen am Zurichsee.
Medieval Scandinavia, edited by Philip Pulsiano, 1993. New York & London.
The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England, edited by M. Lapidge et al., 1999. Oxford.