Effects of biodiesle fuels on adipose tissue

In humans, air pollution is associated with diabetes 2 and obesity. A central hypothesis is that inflammation in the adipose tissue, as revealed by macrophage infiltration, contributes to air pollution induced insulin resistance and changes in energy metabolism (ref e.g. Mendez R, et al. 2013). There is an emerging recognition of the importance of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in metabolic health of humans, but there is little knowledge so far on the effects of pollution on the function of BAT. In this master project, we will analyse BAT and visceral white adipose tissue (VAT) from an existing rat inhalation experiment comparing effects of conventional diesel with that of 1st and 2nd generation biodiesel fuels (DEE). In addition, human adipocytes in culture will be exposed to selected air pollution components.

Methods. An in vivo study has been performed with DEE from a Euro 5-classified diesel engine running on three blends of diesel: petrodiesel fuel containing 7% (B7) or 20% (B20) 1st generation biodiesel made from rapeseed methyl ester, or 7% 1st generation and 13% 2nd generation biodiesel made from hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) (SHB20), both with and without diesel particulate filter (DPF). The animals were exposed to DEE for 1 day (6h/day), 7 days (6h/day), and for 28 days (6h/day, 5 days/week), both with and without particle filter. The animals (n=7/treatment) were exposed in whole body exposure chambers. In addition, a separate group exposed to NO2 is included to elucidate possible effects of this gas in the exhaust. Animals breathing clean air was used as controls. BAT and VAT has been isolated from the animals and we will analyse markers of inflammation and macrophage polarisation, mitochondrial function and production of adipokines regulating appetite and energy metabolism. In addition, we will use an adipocyte model where human mesenchymal stem cells are differentiated in culture into adipocytes. In this model, both the differentiating process and the functioning of adipocytes can be studied. Cell culture and multiplex analysis of proteins will be a main methodology in this project, but also gene expression may be included.

In 2016/2017 a student from HiOA has worked on a MSc project examining neurotoxic effects in animals from the same rat inhalation study and an extension of this work is described for a parallel master project proposal submitted to UiO entitled "Neurotoxicity of exhaust emissions from biodiesel fuels in rats”.

Oppgaven kan utf?res i tidsrommet: h?st 2018-2020

Veileder(e) / Prosjektansvarlig(e): Birgitte Lindeman (hovedveileder), Oddvar Myhre, Johan ?vrevik

澳门葡京手机版app下载, arbeidssted: Folkehelseinstituttet

E-post Birgitte.lindeman@fhi.no

Telefonnr: 21076224

 

 

   
 

 

 

 

Published Apr. 12, 2018 12:52 PM - Last modified Apr. 19, 2018 8:14 AM

Supervisor(s)

  • Johan ?vrevik University of Oslo
  • Birgitte LIndeman
  • Oddvar Myhre

Scope (credits)

60